Reaction Paper on the Movie, Fireproof - 761 Words

The movie, Fireproof, has a very sensitive theme because it focuses on relationships on husband and wife. On the early scene, it is shown that Capt. Caleb Holt of the Albany’s Fire Department Station One’s chief. He has the motto of â€Å"Never leave your partner behind†. He has earned many respect in his career and in his community except in his household were he and his wife, Catherine Holt, always fight because they’re fighting over, mostly about financial problems and Caleb’s addiction to internet pornography. After the argument, Catherine decided to have a divorce. This is very striking because this happens not only in this movie, it is also happening in reality were married couples gone separate because of individual’s differences and†¦show more content†¦He also smashes his computer to pieces with a baseball bat in order to remove the temptation of viewing internet pornography. Regardless, Catherine, who is led by some colleagues to think that Caleb did all these things with an ulterior motive in mind, is still intent on divorce. When she later finds out that the equipment needed for her mother s medical care has been paid for in full, she arranges a lunch date with Dr. Keller, thinking that he was the benefactor. Caleb discovers Dr. Keller s relationship with Catherine and immediately informs him that he won t let him have Catherine without a fight. Dr. Keller, who does not want to be an obstacle in their marital squabbles and is already married anyway, quietly breaks off his relationship with Catherine. Caleb later finds Catherine at home sick, and decides to take care of her. At this point she asks Caleb why he has changed his behavior, and he mentions the Love Dare. Caleb then fully apologizes to Catherine for his past selfishness. Days later, Catherine learns that of the $24,300 cost of her mother s medical equipment, Dr. Keller gave only $300 and Caleb gave $24,000, exhausting his boat savings. At this point she becomes convinced that his desire to change was sincere. Ashamed at her inability to think that Caleb s change in behavior was genuine, Catherine digs out her ring, dresses herself up nicely and puts on make-up, and rushes to her husband s fireShow MoreRelatedOn God and Relationships1922 Words   |  8 Pages We love because He first loved us. (1John 4:19) I believe and also hope that all dating relations are built upon love and trust. When you start having feelings for someone, some chemical reaction triggers in your body and you start wanting to get closer to that person. You want to know more about them, and also how they feel about you. When both of you have the same feeling, people start to date and do the deeper stuff. But the question is, what really is dating? Is it just going out with

Administrative Management Critical Analysis Free Essays

Adam Bartoshesky November 17, 2012 MAN 3025 Writing Assignment #4 Critical Analysis The University of North Florida’s Academic Integrity Code gives students and faculty members in-depth descriptions of what exactly the code is, the ways in which the code can be broken, and the actions and consequences which result from breaking it. The code’s purpose is, â€Å"to protect the integrity of the teaching and learning process† (â€Å"Academic integrity code,†). This document lacks a persuasive tone and thus is essentially free from any biases. We will write a custom essay sample on Administrative Management Critical Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now It uses strong language and concision in order to outline what students and faculty members should do in an instance of academic dishonesty. The code’s unbiased nature and clarity combine to make it a reliable document that can be referred to by both UNF students and faculty members in order to maintain foster learning. UNF’s Academic Integrity Code’s strengths are its detail and clarity, its openness, and its good intentions. It is impossible for the document to better explain the overall process of cheating, how it is handled, and the appeal process. Another strong point of the code is that it gives the student’s teacher freedom in how they want to handle the situation. There are five different forms of apprehension listed in the code that the teacher can choose from which range in seriousness. The teacher can do anything from lower the student’s grade for the single exercise they broke the academic code on, to giving the student an unforgivable ‘F’ for the course. It is evident that a third strength of the document is that its sole purpose is to create a better teaching and learning environment. UNF has not established this code in order to reprimand students, but rather to enhance their education by clearly stating what they should avoid while enrolled at UNF. Although the Academic Integrity Code has many strengths, it also has weakness. The main weakness that I located in the code is that the overall process of reprimanding and appealing academic dishonesty can be time consuming. There are numerous steps that each have an allotted amount of days to be completed. Also read: Advantages and Disadvantages of Administrative Management These steps include the student appealing the teacher’s initial actions, and then waiting for a new faculty member to review it and come to a new conclusion; in which case the student can appeal it once more. This process can continue up the UNF administration hierarchy until the case finally reaches the UNF President. The president has the final say in the matter. If each step is taken and the maximum amount of days to complete each step is used, the case can be under review for 205 days. That is an absurd amount of time to decide the outcome of a student’s academic misconduct. By the time it is settled, the student could have already finished one semester and been well on his or her way to completing another. At this point, I think it is unfair to give the student a consequence like being expelled from the school because they have already dedicated much of their time to another semester’s course load. After examining and evaluating The University of North Florida’s Academic Integrity Code, I have concluded that its strengths far outweigh its weaknesses. I could only find one weakness in the document whereas I was able to locate many strengths. Also, after further review, even though the process of appealing can take up to 205 days; it is unlikely that this will occur. I concur that this code is a very effective source without any significant biases, and should be referred to frequently by all UNF students and faculty members in order to maintain an effective learning environment. Works Cited Education, (n. d. ). Academic integrity code and academic misconduct policies. Retrieved from The University of North Florida website: http://www. unf. edu/uploadedFiles/aa/enrollment/onestop/registrar/MisconductPolicy. pdf How to cite Administrative Management Critical Analysis, Essay examples

Understanding Bereavement and Sudden Death

Question: Describe about the Report for Understanding Bereavement and Sudden Death. Answer: Introduction One experience that is surely confirmed and will surely happen to every living organism is death. It is a naturally occurring phenomenon that death is confirmed and can be encountered at any stage of life. Being such a known and acceptable phenomenon, death is still a complicated one because its consequences can create complication like grief, bereavement, shock etc. in the life of the other individuals related to the descendant. Death can impact anything either stage or phase of life and it is generally unpredictable for people (Worden, 2013). In psychological studies, death is a complicated phenomenon that can bring grief in different multiple factors related to life, like personality, relationships, experiences, spirituality, beliefs, profession and much more (Simpson, 2012). Bereavement is a grief phase occurring after the death of any living organism. It is a natural process that is a form of reaction to the loss (death) in life. The bereavement can be a physical, psychological, social or emotional reaction that expresses the grief of death. Bereavement persists no symptoms, duration and frequency; this can be mild to disastrous either from short to the long time duration. It can occur in form of slow to quick reaction for sudden death. Bereavement establishes depending on the strength of the relation between the people who dies to the person who is in grief (Stroebe et al. 2013). This research paper focuses on understanding the bereavement and sudden death by analysing three critical case studies that are my personal and professional experiences of death and bereavement. A proper literature study is performed to understand the details of bereavement and death followed by explaining all the three case studies. These case studies are then compared to theories of death and bereavement to assure that provided concepts are correct or not. This critical analysis helps me to analyse their knowledge gained from studies about sudden death and bereavement. Aim and objectives This research paper aims to understand the concept and impact of bereavement and sudden death on the life of people by undertaking a critical analysis of three case studies that are either my personal or professional experiences in life. These case studies are analysed on the basis of literature related to bereavement and sudden death. To understand the impact of bereavement and sudden death on life of people To understand the basic theories of bereavement and death To understand the cultural context of how people deal with sudden death To understand different stages of bereavement and death To understand and compare the provided case studies with literature studies about bereavement and sudden death Literature study Concepts and definitions of bereavement and death According to Breen and O'Connor (2011), death is more than a biological phenomenon that involves sociological, political, psychological, spiritual and legal elements influencing bereavement. Bereavement is the mourning or grief that occurs specifically after the death of any person to the individual or group attached to that person. Bereavement is determined in the form of death reaction. Further, Foster et al. (2012) studied that bereavement assumptions and interpretation varies from culture to culture and individual to individual. According to Zisook (2012), bereavement is diagnosed as a Major Depressive Disorder with common symptoms like insomnia, appetite loss, loss of interest, sadness, silence etc. The four common zones of disruption after bereavement are dysphoria, social disruptions, cognitive disorganisation and health deficits. Brubaker et al. (2012) indicated that death is a simple termination of all biological functions occurring in a living machine just like switch on-off mechanism of a non-living machine. Further, Bremer et al. (2012) indicated that basic concept of death is that it is an irreversible cessation of functions in the living body leading to irreversible loss of personhood. Death persists a no subjective importance yet holds academic importance in psychological studies due to bereavement occurring as a consequence of death. Some psychologist considers death as the end of individual future whereas some say is a life cycle defect and it is also considered to be the end of existence. However, Breen and O'Connor (2011) indicated that death conceptualization is a critical process because to form a concept one should exist as an object or subject. But, death is neither an object nor a subject. According to Shear et al. (2013) death is a reality that can be sudden or expected, in both cases it is c hallenging. However, sudden death leads to no adjustments, assumptions, and no opportunities for creating emotional stability. Moos (2013) studied that sudden death is generally the outcomes of trauma, suicide, murder, disasters, accident and evidence-based outcome. This category of sudden death leads to deepest bereavement and complications. Therefore, sudden death is more linked to grief than expected death yet development of grief is possible in both situations of death. Theories of death and bereavement According to Nakajima et al. (2012) studies, there are two theories provided by Freud that clearly describe a proper understanding to death. As per Freud, there are two explanations for death in form of two theories, one is unconscious immortality and second is death instinct theory. As per first theory death of any individual does not persist a representation. As per clinical studies, attitudes towards death and studies of denial, death is considered immortal. However, this theory was criticised by various psychologist making Freud revise his theory. Further, Freud came up with a theory of instinct death, which is developed on the basis of dual instinct theory where death is considered purely true shock reaction that is biological not a clinical phenomenon. As per this theory, death is seen as a biological program rather than clinical or physical malfunction. Breen and O'Connor (2011) studied the theory of eternal life that describes the circle of life from the time of conception to the time of death. The circle starting from gestation to childhood to maturity involves different stages and phases of life development having only one termination point that is death. As per this theory, death, conception and judgement are three similar things in the circle of life. Further, Brubaker et al. (2012) mentioned about Buddhist theory of life, death and rebirth. As per this theory, there are three different views about death, some believe death is permanent and termination of everything, some believe that invisible world continues after death and last believe is that death is the transformation from one life to another. From past few decades, there has been intense research on the concept of bereavement that is now presented in form of certain theories and models that are popularly accepted by experts (Lindemann 1944, Kubler-Ross 1969, Parkes 1975, Bowlby 1980 and Worden 1991, Shut and Strobe 1999). These theories and models provide an acceptable approach for interpreting and managing explanation to bereavement. Previous grief theories were based on the behavioural and psychological reaction to grief but later these theories emphasised on the pathological and natural grief reactions (Parkes, 2013). According to Herberman et al. (2013), Scientist Freud (1961) studied about the pathological features of bereavement where people facing grief are clinically depressed and stress. Further, Lindemann (1944) with his theory identified the difference between pathological and normal grief based on parameters like grief duration, intensity and social functionality. Lindemann gave five phases of bereavement that described grief as somatic disturbance (clinical features like throat tightness, breath shortness, depression), deceased imagination and preoccupation, guilt, hostility feeling or anger and last phase is difficulty in daily routines. These phases indicate that bereavement is not only a clinical disturbance with no explanation for psychological, spiritual and mental disturbance occurring in bereavement. Kaplow and Layne (2014) studied about the Kubler-Ross five-stage model for understanding and coping with bereavement. As per this model, grief is a five-stage process that is Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression and Acceptance (DABDA) model. This model is also named as stage or phase model of bereavement because it describes all the stages of bereavement. The Denial stage involves the rejection of reality (death) by the vulnerable followed by the Anger phase where person-suffering grief becomes frustrated and angry because of rejection to their denial. In other words, anger is a reaction to overcome the acceptance of reality. Further, the Bargaining phase involves negotiations to avoid the cause of grief. However, bargaining is a feature indicating that vulnerable is recovering the grief because bargaining is a characteristic of a healthy mind. Further, Depression phase is to understand the reason for grief where vulnerable tries to recognise the reason for grief and starts to overc ome their denial. Lastly, Acceptance phase is the coping phase where individual finally accept the reality, situation and death. However, this model was criticised by another psychologist by indicating that stage of grief do not follow the similar phases in chronological order rather they overlap as per situation and loss. Secondly, phase model focussed more on the clinical impressions, not the empirical data to explain grief. Further, this model was considered too linear, passive and simple to underestimate the complexity of bereavement. Further, Shear (2012) opines that after the criticism of phase model, Bowlbys attachment theory gave a very acceptable interpretation to explain grief. As per Bowlbys theory of attachment and bonding, grief is the flexible and overlapping situation of shock, protest, despair and recovery. As per Bowlbys theory, bereavement is the outcome of past experience, attachment, mutual relationship and interactions. The main cause of bereavement is the detachment with the dead person that causes the birth of negativity in form of despair and protest. Similar to this theory, Parkes also proposed a four-stage model of grief, which involved shock, pining, despair and recovery. However, Parkes mentioned that grief is not a staged process rather it is a process that starts and end irrespective of time. According to Simon (2013) studies, Worden in 1991 developed the recovery theory of bereavement. As per this theory, there are four tasks to recover from grief, where task one is to accept the loss, task two is to work on the pain, task three is to adjust without the deceased person and lastly, task four is to move on or overcome the loss completely. This model completely focuses on the recovery process or stages of grief. Further, Dual process model of Shut and Strobe 1999 involves two-process model for grief recovery. These two processes are Loss-oriented processes and restoration-oriented processes. The loss-oriented process is a negative viewpoint process where vulnerable works through his grief and suffering to develop recovery. However, restoration-oriented process is completely positive where new strategies and living styles are adopted to overcome grief. Effects of death Death affects almost everything in the life of an individual moving from materialism to emotions because it directly affects the psychology of human mind. The effects of death are categorised as cognitive, physical, and behavioural based on the bereavement caused to the vulnerable. The cognitive effect involves preoccupation with the deceased, disbelief formation, symptoms of hallucination, confusion, memory loss, detachment from people, dreams of deceased and depersonalisation (Brubaker et al. 2012). Bell and Taylor (2011) studied some of the most noticeable physical effects of sudden death on people facing grief after the death. For this purpose a population of 50 vulnerable was targeted where each person was observed, analysed and questioned on the basis of grief symptoms. The most common physical effects of bereavement are numbness, feeling cold or hot, breath shortness, hollowness in the stomach, weak muscles, oversensitivity, dry mouth, lack of energy and appetite loss. Further, Gamino and Ritter (2012) studies about the behavioural effects of death that include sleep disorder, social isolation, morning awakening, searching deceased, restlessness, over activity, anger outburst, crying, lethargy, holding on the memories and objects of deceased. These are some of the most common effects of death that work as symptoms of bereavement. Cultural context and practices about death Lichtenthal et al. (2013) studied that different cultures share a different viewpoint about death as per their practices, beliefs and values. The Christianity, Judaism and Islam believe that soul remains after death making life as an immortal factor leading to the formation of grief. Further, Hinduism and Paganism supports reincarnation and Atheism consider death as the end of everything related to life. However, Buddhism shares a completely different viewpoint where the cycle of birth and death is explained indicating that reincarnation is achieved after one gets rid of birth to death cycle. Nakajima et al. (2012) indicated that this difference is cultural context also affects the bereavement process and reaction of people after a sudden death of closed once. The reactions and acceptance are highly dependent on this cultural context where people react as per their practices and beliefs, which they were taught since childhood (Brown, 2012). From this study, it is completely clear that bereavement and death is a complex phenomenon that involves various fluctuations, differences, modifications, exceptions and assumptions. As per my viewpoint, all the concepts and theories about bereavement are true and hold some sort of importance depending on the situation they are meant for. The research framework includes three personal and professional case study descriptions that are further evaluated on the basis of literature study performed in initial part of research. I have researched that how perfectly my life experiences about sudden death and bereavement are justified by these theories and studies about death and bereavement. Case studies Case study -1 This case study is my personal experience around 9 years ago when my husbands father, my father-in-law died due to his ill health suffering kidney failure, cancer and heart issues. He was always in the critical situation of life due to these chronic diseases and was preparing his children for unavoidable situations. However, still irrespective of this situation, after his death, my husband and other family members faced a shock and trauma. My husband faced a sudden grief in form of depression where he locked himself in a room and was silent, not ready to communicate or express his views. His reaction after attending the fathers funeral completely expressed his grief. Further, he was not able to cope up with his fathers death and was not able to accept his death. My husband came home picked our new-born baby (9months old) and sat on the floor for hours just holding his baby. However, this movement from his side was a sign of positivity or recovery where he was trying to assure his bab y that he will always be there for him. As per my viewpoint, the feeling of responsibility and maturity developed after the death of father helped my husband to recover. Further, the religious belief helped my husband to recover because his family is a believer of God. His religion and religious books, which he used to read, taught him a lot about death and bereavement. My husband started reading spiritual books that explained the concept of death and soul. These reading assured him about the liveliness, responsibilities and presence of his father irrespective of his physical disappearance helping him to recover grief. From my husbands grief, I learned that grief recovery is an automatic process that follows certain stages as described in theories of bereavement. Further, my sister-in-law being younger expressed her grief in a completely different manner that is anger, disapproval and despair for the present situation. She was angry with doctors, God and other family members. She was not able to accept the denial and was not able to deal with her anger due to small age. My sister-in-law was only 13 years by age and not having that sense of maturity to recover like her brother. Therefore, I helped her in recovery by counselling her as a mature person. I explained to her that her father is still supporting her, looking after her and no longer in pain. I told her that fathers soul with God is helping her, she can talk to him and he will surely listen because his soul is still alive. From this experience, I learned that some people express bereavement as anger especially people who are not able to understand the difference between reality and assumptions. The grief form of anger leads to hatred where people even start hating God and blame him for their suffering. However, blaming God for any situation either negative or positive is a natural phenomenon but in death bereavement it requires a control otherwise person develop negativity and depression towards life. Further, my mother-in-law suffered the most because her grief was the longest and deepest one. Suddenly, she became the man and woman of the family as well as father and mother of her children. She was managing everything along without a word of sorrow on her face. She lost her husband, yet a mature reaction shows her spirit and power to deal with grief. I tried my best to support and let there be happiness in her life and family. I worked hard to let all people understand the importance of uniting in the family for moving forward with this situation. However, such a loss cannot be recovered but it is still possible to live with this loss. With this amendment process, all the family members recovered their grief with time. All learned to live with the physical absence but spiritual presence of my father-in-law. As an outcome of the situation, my husband and his sister were more mature, responsible, family-oriented and independent people. My mother-in-law became a dynamic lady with po werful attitude. Therefore, lastly, I can say that loss of sudden death and bereavement brought exceptional quality after recovery in my family members. Case study- 2 Another lifetime experience, I attained that increased my knowledge and understanding about sudden death and grief is my colleague losing his child at a very young age. My colleague Tom and his wife Jenny lost their only child Jack who suffered a sudden accident while returning home from school. Jack was their only child; he was too young only 10 years by age. Tom was my batch mate as well as my colleague at my first job. Tom and jenny got married in their early twenties and had a child in very small age. These are factors that decreased their capability to cope up with such sudden death and they developed an extreme level of grief after the death of Jack. Jenny left her job and was send to the hospital almost 10 times after the death of her son, further following Tom he lost his complete grading and reputation for not concentrating on his work. I observed this situation in their life for almost 2 years. Both of them were in continuous depreciating situation physically, mentally as well as spiritually. With concern to their present situation, I suggested Tom about getting professional counselling for the welfare of his family. Tom agreed to my suggestion and went for professional counselling with Jenny. In almost 5 sessions, Tom started coping up with his past grief and sorrow of losing his child. He told me that he was feeling much better after professional sessions. However, Jennys recovery was not so positive, She was not able to cope and was having continuous thoughts like Why him, He was so young, My child, he is still alive, She once mentioned to counsellor that She saw Jack in the house twice or thrice after 6 months of his deat h. According to Jenny, Jack returned home and was physically present at home complete whole day until Tom arrived from office. This situation explained her deep grief and mental depression developed as an outcome of this grief. As the death of Jack was accidental such response from his mother was an expected one. As per counselling observations, Tom told me that he and Jenny developed guilt for the death of their child both confessed that they are not able to understand, where they went wrong in their parenthood. Jenny is a talkative personality; she kept on blaming Tom and herself for the death of Jack. To overcome this guilt, counsellor tried to establish recovery by determining goals for Tom and Jenny about why they want this counselling, what they wanted to achieve from this counselling and how they will know that they do not need this counselling further. Tom further told me that counsellor provided them knowledge about loss and grief to help in recovery and look forward to better future. Counsellor mentioned about five stages of grief and asked them to determine their stage of grief. This helped both in understanding their present situation. Tom acknowledged that both of them are in different stages of grief however their suffering was similar. To explain this counsellor told them that every person moves and expresses grief stages differently as per their perception, character, strength and conscious. Jenny was in the depression stage whereas Tom identified himself in the first stage of grief that is denial and anger. However, Tom already faced the stage of depression before denial in the first 6 months of bereavement. Therefore, their recovery was occurring in a different manner as per their mental stability. Soon after almost 1 year of counselling, Tom and Jenny started recovering their grief behaviour. Tom was getting back to normal in his professional and personal situation whereas Jenny was now at the stage of acceptance and out of her depression. As per counsellor and doctor advice, Tom and Jenny were planning another child as a conclusion to their recovery because the existence of another child will surely refill the emptiness of their family and life. Almost 4 years after the death of Jack, Tom and Jenny had another child and appearance of the new member in the family was an end to their grief. Case study- 3 As I was working as a deputy manager at one of the most reputed firms in my city there was a sudden incidence that completely shocked the whole organisation. It was a sudden death of my 50 years old CEO in the office premises due to heart failure. This created a shocking situation within the organisation. My CEO Sir, Michael was having a small family with a wife and a young son who just completed his post graduation. His name was Albert, he was our next CEO after Michael owning the huge responsibility in such a small age. Due to certain circumstances and professional decision, the board of directors considered Albert as a perfect replacement of Michael. However, Albert loved his father very much and he was not ready to overtake his position. Albert joined the organisation as per her mothers decision but his grief and sorrow due to death of his loving father were visible in his professional functionality, attitude and behaviour. It is always been said that after the sudden death of loved once, people need time to recover the bereavement occurring due to this loss. People undergo various modifications at their different stages of grief that can be confusing have feelings like anger, loneliness, sadness, silence etc. the stages of grief move from accepting the loss to experiencing, trying and developing recovery. I was able to observe these stages completely in case of Albert. Albert was going through his grief recovery process within his professional circumstances. After joining the office, Albert was behaving in a complete loss; he was confused, nervous, unpredictable and careless towards his responsibilities. He was not able to understand his work even after explaining it more than 5 times by me. I was always there as a helping hand both professionally and personally. But, still, I was not able to manage this situation of Albert because he needed professional help. On a very fine day, I explained Albert about his grief that is visible to complete organisation, which he needs to manage and cope up for the welfare of his fathers dream organisation. I explained Albert about how important this organisation was for his father where he was ready to sacrifice anything for this organisation. Albert listened to me and developed a feeling of guilt for not giving his complete attention towards his work. Albert was ready to quit his position and he remained silent was many days there after this incidence. I was also becoming hopeless and was not able to help Albert in any condition. However, as an account of stability, Albert worked upon his drawbacks. After few months, he was willingly participating in office activities and was observed to be better. Slowly and steadily after 6 months of Michaels death, Albert recovered from his grief and was ready to take his responsibility as a mature person. Albert was now a better person having a positive attitude towards life with no anger, confusion and denial regarding his professional responsibility. The good thing was that he recovered his grief by himself without any professional advice and co unselling, this explains his tremendous strength and willpower just like his father. In this case, I was practically able to observe all the stage of grief and bereavement as a personal experience. Evaluation of case studies by comparison between the examples relating them to theories All the above-described case studies are the personal and professional experience of sudden death and its consequences in form of bereavement occurring with people attached to the descendant. With reference to the case study one that was my personal experience of death and grief in my own family I observed that people have a different capability to cope up with their sorrow. This experience completely proves the fact mentioned in Lindemann (1944) theory that bereavement is a psychological phenomenon, which is indicated in form of phases. Not only case study one but all the case study proves that Lindemann phases of bereavement are completely correct. All the vulnerable or grief sufferers in all the case studies faced one or the other symptom of grief as mentioned by Lindemann. These symptoms are clinical, psychological, mental or spiritual but are related to their grief. In case study one, my husband developed depression, in case study two Tom developed stress, guilt and Jenny were i maging the deceased person and in case study three of Albert developed spiritual loneliness and mental depression. Further, case study one completely disproves the Kubler-Ross five-stage model where it is mentioned that bereavement is a five stage linear process. In the case study one, I observed bereavement recovery of three persons that are my husband, sister-in-law and mother-in-law. All the three completely their recovery irrespective of the five-stages model where her husband developed depression prior to bargaining and sister-in-law entered bargaining stage after the depression. My sister-in-law was in depression but positive counselling approach adopted by me helped her to bargain and accept the situation. Hence, Kubler-Ross five-stage model is a complete failure in this case. Further, all the case studies completely accept the Bowlbys attachment theory where it is observed that grief is an outcome of attachment, mutual relationship and interactions. In the case study one, I didnt go through any grief because I shared a low level of interaction with her father-in-law whereas other family members developed grief due to their attachment relationship with the deceased person. Further, in the case study two, Tom and Jenny had a strong relationship with their child; therefore they faced tremendous grief after his death and proved that Bowlbys theory of attachment is completely true explaining death and bereavement. The Parkers four-stage theory of shock, pining, despair and recovery was completely applicable to the case study of Tom and Jenny where they both followed this stage process model in recovery irrespective of start and end time of recovery. Further, Shut and Strobe 1999 theory describing two stage recovery processes that are the loss-oriented process and restoration oriented process are applied in case study two by the counsellor. The counsellor adopted a recovery-oriented process to let Tom and Jenny overcome their grief that ends up with having another child replacing the grief of their child loss as a restoration. Further, the professional counsellor in case study two also used Worden 1991 four-task recover from grief. The professional initiated recovery of Tom and Jenny by helping them to accept the loss, work with their own pain; start adjustment without Jack by getting the new child and move on in life with the new birth. However, case study three that was about Albert suffering grief of his fathers death proves the Kubler-Ross five-stage recovery process that is completely disproven in other two case studies. In the case of Albert, I personally experienced that his recovery was a self-recovery process that was a five-stage process involving denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance (DABDA) as a self-motivated phenomenon in the life of Albert. His recovery was a complete example of Kuble-Ross five stage recovery model. Hence, from the above evaluation, it is clear that all the theories somehow or the other fits into the grief explanation of different case studies depending upon the situation, suffering, vulnerability and perception of the bereavement person. Bereavement is a complex phenomenon that cannot be explained with the help of one theory or understanding because it is applicable to different human perceptions, attitudes, intuitions, behaviour, conscious, understanding and knowledge. Therefore, as all humans are not same their grief suffering and recovery is also not similar. The recovery fluctuates as per different factors leading to acceptance and rejection of different bereavement theories and explanations. Conclusion From the research study, it is clear that bereavement arising because of loss (death) is a complex phenomenon that is been explained by different scientific viewpoints and perceptions. Each scientific theory that is widely accepted to explain bereavement and death shows different understandings about death and explain bereavement in the best possible manner. In this research, three personal and professional experiences of mine about death and bereavement are evaluated as per these academic theories to understand death and bereavement. As per literature underpinning, the Lindemann 1944, Kubler-Ross five-stage model 1969, Bowlbys attachment theory, Worden 1991 recovery task theory, Parkers four-phase grief model and Strobe 1999 two-process model of recovery are best possible and acceptable theories that explain grief and death. However, each and every theory shares a different viewpoint and perception about the death, bereavement and recovery process. To test the acceptance and rejection of these theoretical perceptions, research is based on evaluating three case studies as per these theories. All the case studies support the Bowlbys attachment principle and Lindermann theory about grief. The case study one being my personal experience of grief completely rejects the Kubler-Ross five-stage recovery process whereas case study three about Albert proves that Kubler-Ross five-stage recovery is a perfect recovery process from grief. Further, case study one and two are perfect examples of Shut and Strobe 1999 two types recovery process where in case one loss recovery process and in case two restoration recovery process is used to recover. Further, case study two is a perfect acceptance of Worden 1991 task based recovery process and Parkers four-stage theory. Hence, this research based on case study evaluation about death and bereavement clearly indicate that all theoretical explanations are workable depending on the grief situation, vulnerable perception and attachment with the deceased person. From research study, it can be concluded that understanding about death and bereavement as per psychological concepts is a complex phenomenon that varies as per circumstances and understanding of human mind. Therefore, a more focused and specific approach based theory that is applicable to all situations is required to explain death and bereavement. However, still, the provided theories and models are satisfactory enough to understand bereavement in different situations. Bibliography Bell, E. and Taylor, S., 2011. Beyond letting go and moving on: New perspectives on organizational death, loss and grief.Scandinavian Journal of Management,27(1), pp.1-10. Breen, L.J. and O'Connor, M., 2011. Family and social networks after bereavement: experiences of support, change and isolation.Journal of Family Therapy,33(1), pp.98-120. Bremer, A., Dahlberg, K. and Sandman, L., 2012. Balancing between closeness and distance: emergency medical services personnels experiences of caring for families at out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and sudden death.Prehospital and disaster medicine,27(01), pp.42-52. Brown, E., 2012.Loss, change and grief: An educational perspective. Routledge. Brubaker, J.R., Kivran-Swaine, F., Taber, L. and Hayes, G.R., 2012, June. Grief-Stricken in a Crowd: The Language of Bereavement and Distress in Social Media. InICWSM. Daugirdait?, V., Van den Akker, O. and Purewal, S., 2015. Posttraumatic stress and posttraumatic stress disorder after termination of pregnancy and reproductive loss: a systematic review.Journal of pregnancy,2015. Dyregrov, K., Dyregrov, A. and Kristensen, P., 2015. Traumatic bereavement and terror: The psychosocial impact on parents and siblings 1.5 years after the July 2011 terror killings in Norway.Journal of Loss and Trauma,20(6), pp.556-576. Foster, T.L., Gilmer, M.J., Vannatta, K., Barrera, M., Davies, B., Dietrich, M.S., Fairclough, D.L. and Gerhardt, C.A., 2012. Changes in siblings after the death of a child from cancer.Cancer nursing,35(5), p.347. Gamino, L.A. and Ritter Jr, R.H., 2012. Death competence: An ethical imperative.Death Studies,36(1), pp.23-40. Herberman Mash, H.B., Fullerton, C.S. and Ursano, R.J., 2013. Complicated grief and bereavement in young adults following close friend and sibling loss.Depression and anxiety,30(12), pp.1202-1210. Kaplow, J.B. and Layne, C.M., 2014. Sudden loss and psychiatric disorders across the life course: toward a developmental lifespan theory of bereavement-related risk and resilience.American Journal of Psychiatry. Kaplow, J.B., Layne, C.M., Pynoos, R.S., Cohen, J.A. and Lieberman, A., 2012. DSM-V diagnostic criteria for bereavement-related disorders in children and adolescents: Developmental considerations.Psychiatry,75(3), pp.243-266. Kastenbaum, R.J., 2015.Death, society, and human experience. Routledge. Lichtenthal, W.G. and Breitbart, W., 2015. The central role of meaning in adjustment to the loss of a child to cancer: implications for the development of meaning-centered grief therapy.Current opinion in supportive and palliative care,9(1), pp.46-51. Lichtenthal, W.G., Neimeyer, R.A., Currier, J.M., Roberts, K. and Jordan, N., 2013. Cause of death and the quest for meaning after the loss of a child.Death studies,37(4), pp.311-342. Moos, R. ed., 2013.Coping with life crises: An integrated approach. Springer. Nakajima, S., Ito, M., Shirai, A. and Konishi, T., 2012. Complicated grief in those bereaved by violent death: the effects of post-traumatic stress disorder on complicated grief.Dialogues Clin Neurosci,14(2), pp.210-4. Neimeyer, R.A. ed., 2015.Techniques of grief therapy: Assessment and intervention. Routledge. Neimeyer, R.A., 2015. Meaning in bereavement. InWorld suffering and quality of life(pp. 115-124). Springer Netherlands. Parkes, C.M., 2013.Love and loss: The roots of grief and its complications. Routledge. Parkes, C.M., Laungani, P. and Young, W. eds., 2015.Death and bereavement across cultures. Routledge. Shear, M.K., 2012. Grief and mourning gone awry: pathway and course of complicated grief.Dialogues Clin Neurosci,14(2), pp.119-128. Shear, M.K., 2015. Complicated grief.N Engl J Med,2015(372), pp.153-160. Shear, M.K., Ghesquiere, A. and Glickman, K., 2013. Bereavement and complicated grief.Current psychiatry reports,15(11), pp.1-7. Simon, N.M., 2013. Treating complicated grief.JAMA,310(4), pp.416-423. Simpson, M.A., 2012.Dying, death, and grief: A critically annotated bibliography and source book of thanatology and terminal care. Springer Science Business Media. Steen, S.E., 2015. Perinatal death: bereavement interventions used by US and Spanish nurses and midwives.International journal of palliative nursing,21(2). Stroebe, M., Schut, H. and Van den Bout, J. eds., 2013.Complicated grief: Scientific foundations for health care professionals. Routledge. Worden, J.W., 2013.Grief counseling and grief therapy: A handbook for the mental health practitioner. springer publishing Company. Young, I.T., Iglewicz, A., Glorioso, D., Lanouette, N., Seay, K., Ilapakurti, M. and Zisook, S., 2012. Suicide bereavement and complicated grief.Dialogues in clinical neuroscience,14(2), pp.177-186.

Pixar and Walt Disney Merger Essay Example

Pixar and Walt Disney Merger Paper NEW YORK Mickey Mouse and Nemo are now corporate cousins. Walt Disney has announced that it is buying Pixar, the animated studio led by Apple head Steve Jobs, in a deal worth $7. 4 billion. Speculation about a deal being imminent raged on Wall Street for the past few weeks. Disney has released all of Pixars films so far, but the companies current distribution deal was set to expire following the release of this summers Cars. The merger brings together Disneys historic franchise of animated characters, such as Mickey, Minnie Mouse and Donald Duck, with Pixars stable of cartoon hits, including the two Toy Story films, Finding Nemo and The Incredibles. Disney and Pixar can now collaborate without the barriers that come from two different companies with two different sets of shareholders, said Jobs in a statement. Now, everyone can focus on what is most important, creating innovative stories, characters and films that delight millions of people around the world. As part of the deal, J obs will become a board member of Disney, the companies said. And John Lasseter, the highly respected creative director at Pixar who had previously worked for Disney, will rejoin the House of Mouse as chief creative officer for the companys combined animated studios and will also help oversee the design for new attractions at Disney theme parks. The addition of Pixar significantly enhances Disney animation, which is a critical creative engine for driving growth across our businesses, said Disney CEO Robert Iger in a written statement. During a conference call with analysts Tuesday, Iger said that acquisition discussions had been going on for the past several months. Jobs added that after a lot of soul searching, he came to the conclusion that it made the most sense for Pixar to align itself with Disney permanently instead of trying to distribute films on its own or sign with another movie studio partner. According to the terms of the deal, Disney (Research) will issue 2. 3 shares for each Pixar share. Based on Tuesdays closing prices, that values Pixar at $59. 78 a share, about a 4 percent premium to Pixars current stock price. Shares of Pixar (Research) fell slightly in regular trading on the Nasdaq Tuesday but gained nearly 3 percent in after-hours trading. The stock has surged more than 10 percent so far this year on takeover speculation. Disneys stock gained 1. 8 percent in regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange and was flat after-hours. Prior to the deals announcement, some Wall Street observers had speculated that Disney may be paying too much for Pixar. A source tells FORTUNE that some Disney board members also thought the price was too high. To that end, Disney chief financial officer Thomas Staggs said during the conference call that the deal would reduce Disneys earnings slightly in fiscal 2006, which ends this September, as well as fiscal 2007. We will write a custom essay sample on Pixar and Walt Disney Merger specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pixar and Walt Disney Merger specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pixar and Walt Disney Merger specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He added though that Pixar should add to earnings by fiscal 2008 and that Disney was still on track to post annual double-digit percentage gains in earnings through 2008. But one hedge fund manager said that the risk of Disney losing Pixar was too great. The question isnt did Disney pay too much but how expensive would it have been for Disney if Pixar fell into someone elses hands, said Barry Ritholtz, chief investment officer with Ritholtz Capital Partners, a hedge fund that focuses on media and technology stocks. Jeffrey Logsdon, an analyst with Harris Nesbitt, agreed with that assessment. He said that Pixars success quotient justified the price of the deal. Pixar has yet to have a flop with its six animated movies. They have grossed more than $3. 2 billion worldwide, according to movie tracking research firm Box Office Mojo. Disney, however, has struggled in the computer-generated animated movie arena. Even though its most recent CG-animated film, Chicken Little performed better than many had expected at the box office, it was not as big a hit as any of the Pixar films. Robert Iger has made no secret of the fact that he wanted to get the animated business back to where it was. Its what Disney has known for but the movies they did in-house did not do as well as the ones they did with Pixar, said Michael Cuggino, a fund manager who owns about 100,000 shares of Disney in the Permanent Portfolio and Permanent Portfolio Aggressive Growth funds. Pixar has yet to announce what movies it is working on after Cars, however. It is believed that Pixars next film about a rat living in a fancy Parisian restaurant, tentatively titled Ratatouille may be released on 2007 and that a Toy Story 3 may be in the works as well. Jobs said during the conference call that nothing has been decided about future Pixar releases yet, but added that the company feels strongly about making sequels to some of its previous hits. And Iger said that announced plans for Disney-produced animated films, including the release of American Dog in 2008 and Rapunzel Unbraided in 2009, are still on track. It would have been unthinkable to imagine Disney and Pixar teaming up just a few years ago. The two companies broke off talks to extend their current distribution agreement in 2004 due to a strained relationship between Jobs and former Disney CEO Michael Eisner. But since Iger succeeded Eisner last year, he has extended an olive branch to Jobs. Disney and Apple have already announced several online programming deals during the past few months. Disney now has agreements in place to sell hit ABC prime time shows, such as Desperate Housewives and Lost, as well as content from ABC Sports and ESPN on Apples popular iTunes music and video store. Cuggino said the addition of Jobs, who will also become Disneys largest individual shareholder, to Disneys board could mean that more innovative digital deals could be in the works. Jobs is a dynamic personality who knows consumer electronics. Its an opportunity to bring some youthful energetic thinking to Disneys board. Disney, like many other large media companies, has seen its stock price stagnate during the past year as investors have flocked to more rapidly growing digital media firms such as Apple as well as search engines Google (Research) and Yahoo! Research) But Logsdon said the acquisition of Pixar could help Disney increase revenue throughout all of its business lines. So even though some may be quibbling in the short-term about how much Disney had to spend, he thinks Disney made the right move. Its a smart strategic deal, Logsdon said. The benefit in theme parks, consumer products and cable will probably make this deal look a lot smarter a year or two from now.

Pathogens essays

Pathogens essays In todays food preparation world waterborne pathogens are becoming a real threat. Why? Simply because in todays culture people are quick to blame the food industry for most cases of disintary or other ill effects caused by bacteria. In this paper several things will be discussed. To understand what Im trying to say, you must understand a few key terms. First lets define waterborne pathogen. A waterborne pathogen is a micro-organism whose ability to cause disease has recently been identified. Now that you know what a waterborne pathogen is lets name a few. Each of these possible pathogens has been identified but according to the WRcs Final Report to the Department of the Environment on Waterborne Pathogens, it is still possible that several unidentified pathogens In order to understand how these pathogens work, and how to destroy them we must understand several of the parts that make them up. Some of and Susceptibility to removal or inactivation by conventional water Each of these parts is used in todays world to identify and destroy What happens if someone ingests a pathogen before it is identified? Well that is one reason that the Department of the Environment is so concerned. Due to current environmental status new pathogens are appearing semi-daily, and consequently overwhelming those who are working to stop them. One major example of this is Legionella. Legionella is ...

Western Carolina University Admission Information

Western Carolina University Admission Information With an acceptance rate of 41%, Western Carolina University is a moderately selective school. Although over half of applicants were not admitted in 2015, the admissions bar isnt painfully high. Successful applicants will generally have standardized test scores and grades that are average or better. To apply, interested students will need to submit an application, high school transcripts, and scores from the SAT or ACT. Will You Get In? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex Admissions Data (2016): Western Carolina University Acceptance Rate: 41%GPA, SAT and ACT Graph for WCU AdmissionsTest Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 450 / 560SAT Math: 460  / 560SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanSAT score comparison for NC public universitiesSouthern Conference SAT score comparisonACT Composite: 20  / 25ACT English: 19  / 24ACT Math: 18  / 24What these ACT numbers meanACT score comparison for NC public universitiesSouthern Conference ACT score comparison Western Carolina University Description: Western Carolina University is a public university and member of the University of North Carolina system. WCUs 600-acre campus is located in Cullowhee,  North Carolina, about an hour west of Asheville and near the Blue Ridge and Great Smoky Mountains. Undergraduates can choose from about 220 majors and concentrations, and the university takes pride in its small class sizes WCU has a 16  to 1  student / faculty ratio  and an average class size of 19. Professional programs in business, education and criminal justice are both popular and well-regarded. One of the universitys most notable student groups is the Pride of the Mountains Marching Band with its nearly 350 members. On the athletic front, the Western Carolina Catamounts compete in the NCAA Division I  Southern Conference. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 10,805  (9,171 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 45% Male / 55% Female86% Full-time Costs (2016  - 17): Tuition and Fees: $6,737  (in-state); $17,130 (out-of-state)Books: $2,151  (why so much?)Room and Board: $9,516Other Expenses: $2,516Total Cost: $20,920  (in-state); $31,313 (out-of-state) Western Carolina University Financial Aid (2015  - 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 85%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 70%Loans: 65%Average Amount of AidGrants: $6,282Loans: $5,809 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors: Biology, Business Administration, Communication Studies, Construction Engineering, Criminal Justice, Elementary Education, History, Marketing, Nursing, PsychologyWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 80%Transfer Out Rate: 25%4-Year Graduation Rate: 37%6-Year Graduation Rate: 57% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Football, Baseball, Basketball, Golf, Track and FieldWomens Sports:  Soccer, Tennis, Softball, Volleyball, Track and Field, Basketball Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Western Carolina, You May Also Like These Schools: Appalachian State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWingate University: Profile  North Carolina State University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGardner-Webb University: Profile  Campbell University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphElon University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUNC - Wilmington: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCoastal Carolina University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMars Hill University: Profile  Clemson University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWake Forest University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Managing in a strategic context Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing in a strategic context - Case Study Example Generalisability refers to the application of certain policy or practices over a large section of population. The main advantage of generalizability is the implementation of certain practices to a wide range, which may lead towards creative solutions to the common managerial limitations often witnessed in the current phenomenon (NCBI, 2009). Correspondingly, the objective determined for this paper intends to identify the qualities of Lincoln Electric business model, which in turn defines its Generalisability to other industries and countries considering the HR policies and practices implemented by the company. Lincoln Electric practices the strategy of reducing the prices of its products by controlling the cost of production. The company has introduced several HR policies which mainly focuses on the employee’s satisfaction, and thus leads to retaining the existing employees resulting in the reduced cost of production. An overall understanding of the strategic intent and direction taken by the company, it can be observed to be continuously upgrading its technology for the improvement of its products to further suffice the market demand (Siegel, 2008). The organisational strategy of Lincoln Electronics was unique with innovative and creative ideas. In order to motivate the employees of the organisation, a special form of incentive system was introduced for properly distributing the profits within the organisation. The system comprised of four components, viz. piece work pay, annual bonus, guaranteed employment and limited benefits. Of these four components, the piecework was the most beneficial as every employee had to prove his/her quality and earn maximum according to his productivity. Another most important element of the employment system of Lincoln’s was the annual bonus scheme. According to this scheme, the employees

Classification of the Applications Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Classification of the Applications - Assignment Example Hackers cannot use this application in some unacceptable way because even in the case, of getting access to the configuration of the application hacker can only block the access to some certain sites and user of the computer can remove the application and reinstall it with the correct configurations. Prey is quite effective software used for tracking laptop, phone, tablet or another portable computer to remotely locate it and lock. The user can find it even if the device is stolen. To do so, the owner can log into the web-service and turn on the sounding of alarm or showing of the onscreen message that will inform the thief about the search engaged for him. The user can find the device even if he/she has lost it or left somewhere. To make it work user should install little software on the desired device and it will wait for the remote signal and will activate the system to track the location of the device. Moreover through the online service owner can gather all information about the device, lock it down, etc.  For business purposes, managers can use Prey to lock down business phones, which are used by workers in an unacceptable manner or to trace the activity of the users. Moreover, with the right approach, Prey can help for logistics to track devices installed on the transports and to know their routes, to enhance logistic schemes.  With enough experience, hacker can hack the main web interface and get keys and locations of the devices, to get personal information from them or just lock down them. However such scenario is almost impossible.  Keylogger is software which register, store and supply information that is entered through the keyboard. Such application work implicitly and only one, who installed this application knows about its existence.  Home user can use this application to track activity of the children in the given computer. The application will store every information children enter or copy/paste on the computer.

Benefits of Yoga Essay Example for Free

Benefits of Yoga Essay In chapter 15, The Cauliflower Robbery, Yogananda has harvested 6 cauliflowers that he is proud to share with Sri Yukteswar. As the disciples are called out to go march, Sri Yukteswar questions Yogananda about whether he locked the door to the Ashram or not. Yogananda carelessly replies that he thinks so. In teaching a lesson, Sri Yukteswar relates thoughts with a peasant and has him steal one of Yoganandas cauliflowers. Much like the way a radio operates, Sri Yukteswars thoughts vibrate in radio waves and he receives signals from other people then carries their thoughts out. A couple days later Yoganandas lamp had been missing so he assumed the master would know where it is. The master read Yoganandas thoughts and directed him directly to where another pupil said he took it to. The lamp was not where the pupil said it was and Yogananda realized Sri Yukteswar was only mocking his expectations because he wouldnt display his powers when challenged. Weeks passed, and one day the master asked the narrator to lead his disciples on a procession walk across the beach. Yogananda was worried the sun would make the sand too hot to bare but Sri Yukteswar assured him that with faith in the Omnipresent God his problems will be resolved. The master had faith that God would protect him and his disciples as long as he was faithful in him and indeed God provided clouds to make shade for the sand trail. The lesson learned in this chapter is that God is impartial and will listen to everyone that has faith in him. He will fulfill anything one strongly desires with the right heart and faith. As a christian, this chapter strongly relates and is a recurring message in my life. Like Yogananda, I constantly forget to keep my strong faith and to trust that God will provide in the end. Many times in my life I have forgotten about God as I try to resolve all of my own issues. Things dont end up my way but usually they end up better because Gods plan is always best. Especially in the chapter of my life where I need guidance, Im searching the internet, career sources, and the counselors for answers, but what this chapter of the book reminds me is that I need to meditate or pray to God to seek answers. This class has helped me spend my time more positively. Its helped me to find my way back to my faith and has given me the ability to focus and pray deeply. Although it is only a slight change, Ive learned to spend more time  outdoors rather than indoors during my spare time. Before this class I mightve spent hours watching episodes of Gossip Girl on Netflix to relieve my stress after my last class of the week, but now I go to the beach on Fridays after class to calm my mind and body. In doing this Ive been able to spend more time reflecting on who I am as an individual and the kind of person I aspire to be. After learning basic pranayamas or breathing techniques Ive been practicing it at the beach where the repetition of the waves crash in sync to my breath. This act of going to the beach with just my towel and myself has become a favorite routine. It serves as a time for me to delve deeper into my soul and really see the person I wish to portray to the world. Through these beach meditations I have also been able to realize and expand my potential as a human being. On the other hand, the asana practice has challenged my every muscle. Having taken yoga classes for a while and being a dancer, I figured this class would just be like before or easier (I apologize for the underestimation). Instead I found myself challenged each day because you paid attention to detail to every students form and pushed students to stretch further or contract stronger. The difference with the asana practice I got out of this class and the ones I got at a yoga studio is that you, the teacher, always allowed room for the students to further stretch or strengthen. The other studios had the students placed by level and if you couldnt keep up, well then you should have signed up for an easier class. Whereas here, I felt comfortable that i was able to practice the poses at my own rate. Some were harder and some were easier. Either way I never felt above or below the class, which is very fair for all the students. Because I had such a great experience in this yoga class, Ive applied what I learned to my other classes. I became so intrigued in the lecture at the beginning of the course describing the benefits of yoga that I made a speech about it to present to my Human Communications class. All the benefits listed at the start of the course such as being able to get a better sleep, better digestion, and endurance in exercise has proven true in my life. I walked back to my dorm after every class feeling lighter and fresher. Maybe it was the post exercise endorphins but I assure you that the lightweight  feeling came from releasing my burdens during the affirmations. I was so inspired by this that I knew I had to inform others of this great practice. I also understand that yoga is not simply a physical activity, it is a spiritual trail that helps the mind think better so I stressed that in the speech. Im glad I signed up for this class, because I got both physical and spiritual benefits out of it. In the future I will continue to take yoga classes and suggest yoga classes to others.

Harmful Effects of the Atkins Diet Essay -- Exploratory Essays Researc

Harmful Effects of the Atkins Diet It is safe to say that the Atkins Diet is not as harmless as everyone would like to think. Originally, the disadvantages were not taken into account because desperate dieters were interested in partaking in a seemingly easy way to lose weight. However, plenty of negative side effects have been shown to support the fact that the Atkins plan is more harmful than people realized. These negative side effects range from headaches and dizziness, to the more severe reactions consisting of kidney and heart problems. These negative effects are caused primarily by a lack of carbohydrates in the body, which results in an increase of ketones, or poisonous chemicals. And, as it turns out, many organizations including The American Heart Association, support the fact that these effects do occur after following the Atkins dieting plan. The American Heart Association, specifically, has said that the decreased intake of carbohydrates and an increased ingestion of proteins and fatty foods does no t conform to their dietary guidelines and can lead to seriously negative results and health risks. The less severe disadvantages surrounding the diet consist of physical weakness, low energy level, slower reaction times, headaches, and dehydration. These less dangerous, yet clearly relevant reactions are due to the elimination of carbohydrates from the diet. Blood sugar levels become very low when carbohydrates are not ingested, causing physical pain and weakness as well as a slower reaction time. Headaches also occur as a natural response mechanism that act as signals for the body that carbohydrates are needed in order to prevent further problems. Moreover, when the body breaks down stored fats t... ...eats and creams sounds, it undoubtedly raises health risks involving the heart. Without a doubt, the Atkins diet causes health problems. Be it mild or severe effects, the problems and risks are there. It is difficult to believe that a diet where cream, butter, mayonnaise red meats, and numerous other fatty foods are unlimited could actually be healthy and result in positive weight loss. Ridding the body of obviously healthy foods such as complex carbohydrates can only lead to negative side effects for the dieter. While dieters have the advantage of choosing a plan that is best for them, these serious health risks are something that should be taken into account. In the end, it is a healthy, well balanced diet, consisting of a good amount of exercise that is the key to a healthy lifestyle no matter which way you slice it.

‘That doom abided, / but in time it would come’ (Beowulf, lines 83-4)

It is indeed immediately evident to the reader (or listener) of Beowulf, that the poem is heavily laden with themes of fate and destiny. I would even go as far as saying that it is partly the weight that these themes lend that gives Beowulf its rich and beautiful quality. These themes are present throughout the text, for instance the creation of Heorot comes with the prophecy of its doom, with â€Å"its gables wide and high and awaiting / a barbarous burning† (lines 82-3). We are also given the cause for such a fate, namely blood feud between in-laws. The inevitable doom associated with blood feuds, and its associated fratricide, is also present at the end of the text with the wild prediction of the war and destruction of the Geat nation at the Shylfing's hands. It is also interesting to note here that the poem is book ended by funerals, death being the inevitable conclusion of fate, and also with prophecy, particularly effective for a contemporary audience knowledgeable of the outcomes of such prognostications. However, it is in the episode of Beowulf's fight against the dragon that we see the most signposted manifestation of fate: He was sad at heart, Unsettled yet ready, sensing his death. His fate hovered near, unknowable but certain (2419-2421) From the offset, we are told that Beowulf will die in this final battle, with the effect of altering our perception of the final fight; we see it as tragic and heroic, this warrior king fighting despite sensing his fate near at hand. This gives the weight to the dragon fight, gives it its grim, poetic beauty. Here fate is expressed as a sense of foreboding, external to any value judgement. This would have a concept familiar to the Germanic tradition of wyrd, or doom. However, if this is to be considered as evidence of the Anglo-Saxon concept of doom, then in the poem we are also able to see the Christian equivalent, which can perhaps be better referred to as divine providence. In this interpretation of destiny, there is an integral component of judgement, whereby destiny is set out by God. This approach to destiny can be seen at numerous points, for example â€Å"a comfort sent / by God to that nation† (13-4). Here we can clearly see the influence of Christian beliefs in the narrative voice of the poet. The evidence of divine intervention can be found elsewhere in Beowulf, for example in his fight against Grendel's mother: It was easy for the Lord, the Ruler of Heaven, to redress the balance once Beowulf got back on his feet. (1554-6) This has the effect of showing that all outcomes are ultimately attributable to God, here reinforcing the positive characterisation of Beowulf by essentially saying that God is in support of him. The poet was here faced with a challenge when intertwining the themes of Christian providence and pagan wyrd, namely how do you tell an essentially pagan story of a warrior hero while staying true to a contrasting theological belief? In reply, we can identify several features of the Beowulf poem that allow a satisfactory reconciliation of these apparently antithetical themes. The first is an identification of Beowulf and the other Germanic pagan heroes with God through their opposition to evil. An exemplification of this is that Grendel is intimately associated with sin and hell, for example in the description of him as â€Å"a fiend out of hell† (100) and the passage: he had dwelt for a time in misery among the banished monsters, Cain's clan, whom the Creator had outlawed and condemned as outcasts. (104-7) Therefore, if Beowulf represents the purging factor that destroys the evil of Grendel and his mother, then by implication he is identified as an agent of God, an important point as it demonstrates that he is under the influence of providence whilst still subject to his doom. In a number of ways the heroic characters are distanced from the paganism that they historically must hold, in particular they adhere to characteristically Christian formulas of worship. An example of this is â€Å"They thanked God / for that easy crossing on a calm sea† (227-8), which is instantly recognisable as an un-pagan thanksgiving to the providence of a single God. Indeed, throughout Beowulf there are signs that these pagans worshiped a monotheistic precursor to Christianity, rather than the polytheistic idol worship that would be extremely difficult to excuse from a Christian viewpoint. Thomas D. Hill points out that this would allow an approach similar to later humanists, such as Dante who placed such figures as Aristotle, Cato and Rifeo (all pagan) variously in hell, limbo or heaven. This in turn has the effect of allowing the providence theme to sit alongside that of doom because the distancing of the heroic characters from paganism conversely allows their more believable association with God's fate. To further this effect, there is a selective assimilation of Christian sources into the poem. This is exampled by the numerous references to the Old Testament, in particular to the race of Giants – e.g. â€Å"and the giants too who strove with God† (113) – and to the original sin and banishment of Cain for the murder of Abel (105-114). This enables a listener from a Germanic culture to more readily accept the Christian overtones, as the Old Testament is notably closer to their own in its values than the New Testament, as well as the characters to be portrayed as what Hill refers to as â€Å"Noachites†, a people possessing the intrinsic monotheism of Noah but before the â€Å"revealed knowledge of God †¦granted to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, a tradition culminated by the revelation of Law to Moses†. Thus, although at one point the poem does iterate that they were damned as pagans because â€Å"The Almighty Judge / of good deeds and bad, the Lord God, /†¦ was unknown to them† (180-3) (which is possibly explained as an interpolation), it enables the poet to suggest that these pagan heroes could, in fact, be fated for salvation by God and in death go to heaven, such as Hrethel who â€Å"chose God's light† (2469). Thus, we can see how the poet of Beowulf reconciles these two divergent themes of fate and destiny, on one hand doom and on the other providence. In this respect the poem therefore also represents a much larger scale co-assimilation and synthesis of the Germanic and Christian traditions. The resulting fine balance struck by the poet between them is highly interesting from a literary viewpoint and also gives the poem an intense and rich atmosphere. Conclusion: Thus we can see how the poet reconciles these two different strands of fate, on one hand doom and on the other providence. In this respect the poem therefore also represents the co-assimilation of the Germanic and Christian traditions.

Leadership and Nib Bank

Report-on-organizational-behavior-of-NIB-Bank. doc LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL May 31, 2008 Mr. Retd. Cdr. Tabassum Teacher, Organizational Behavior Bahria University Karachi. Sir: We herewith present our â€Å"Term Report† authorized by you as a requirement for this course. In this report, we have tried to provide analysis on organizational behavior of NIB Bank. We hope we have covered all that was required for the report. If there be any clarification demanded, we would appreciate a call from you to our group members. Sincerely, Maaz Khalid Muhammad Usman Badar Muhammad ZainACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of â€Å"Allah†, the most beneficent and merciful who gave us strength and knowledge to complete this report. This report is a part of our course â€Å"Organizational Behavior†. This has proved to be a great experience. This report is a combine effort of, Maaz Khalid, Muhammad Usman Badar and Muhammad Zain. We would like to express our gratitude to our organizational be havior teacher Mr. Retd. Cdr. Tabassum, who gave us this opportunity to fulfill this report. We would also like to thank our colleagues who participated in a focus group session.They gave us many helpful comments which helped us a lot in preparing our report. 1. 3 Objective The general purpose of this study is to determine the satisfactory level of job among the employees of British American Tobacco Bangladesh. We have selected British American Tobacco because this company has a multinational job environment and ensures the maximum level of efficiency among the employees. 3. Research Methodology A. Pilot survey We did a pilot survey for questionnaire testing (Vogt, 1999; Babbie, 2004) to detect error, validity and scale reliability.We used a 5 point- scale (â€Å"1† for Strongly Disagree to â€Å"5† for Strongly Agree) developed by Likert (1932). The pilot survey was done during in the month of January-February, 2008 with 30 respondents from 6 enterprises. A total numb er of 20 HRM items were used for this study. The sample size was 30 at managerial (mid level) jobs and simple random was used to obtain feedback and the scale validity of the survey. The calculated Chronbach’s alpha (? ) value is 0. 9063, which indicates the high eliability of the instrument. B. In-depth Interviews The second stage of our research method was in-depth interviews with the 12 executives. Semi-structured open-ended questionnaire was used for in-depth interviews. A simple random sampling method was used at this stage. The questionnaire was distributed to the executives to get feedback. C. Full-scale survey Full scale questionnaires were administered in the month of April, May and June 15, 2008 within 53 manufacturing organizations out of 103 (BEPZA statistics, May, 2008) organizations in economic zone, DEPZ.That covers 216 respondents from the total of 512 in the surveyed enterprises with the response rate of 42. 18% (26. 18% of 825 total entire populations). A si mple random sampling method was used for selecting the enterprises. From the pilot survey and in-depth survey finding and suggestion, questionnaire was modified and surveyed for this stage. D. Sample For the survey, a random sampling was chosen for selection enterprises from the A, B and C category of DEPZ organizations. A total number of 53 enterprises were selected from 103 and that covered 216 respondents. HISTORY OF THE DHAKA BANK LIMITED: DHAKA BANK LIMITED was incorporated as a public limited Company on 6th April 1995 under the company act. 1994 and started its commercial operation on June 05, 1995 as a private sector bank. The bank started its journey with an authorized capital of Tk. 1,000. 00 million and paid capital Tk. 100. 00 million. It is now one of the most renowned private banks having multiple branches in the major cities of the country. DBL has started its business with all the features of a corporate bank and the products of both corporate and retail banking syste m to facilitate the daily clientele requirements.Among all of its products Credit card is one of the most important financial-tool of the modern banking sector, Though DHAKA BANK is always trying to improve their services in this field, but in today’s competitive business world, banks need to offer additional concentration to the clients’ requirement in order stay at the top. Therefore, besides dealing with the general attributes of the Credit card, they also have been trying to put more emphasis on the customer benefits and other customer related facilities.The Credit Card Division is a new venture for the bank, so the card is only for the use within the city and therefore it is facing a huge competition against the existing local Credit Cards in the market. Moreover, DHAKA BANK LIMITED has expressed tremendous interest to create a competitive market for their Credit cards. GOAL SETTING THEORY: Goal setting theory was born out of Aristotle’s theory of final cau sality and then researched in greater detail by Edwin A. Locke in the 1960s to understand how goals can influence an individual’s performance.The basic theory behind goal setting is that human behavior is galvanized and governed by goals and ambition. Today, goal setting theory is very important not only for those studying organizational psychology, but for anyone seeking to increase productivity, enhance performance and reach for greater heights of success. Goals are able to motivate and spur you to meet your ambitions because it helps you focus your efforts on that objective. Every objective we have requires a list of tasks to be executed.By setting goals, we’re able to persist with the list of tasks and are compelled to develop strategies in order to reach our objective. The incredible results achieved with the goal setting theory explain why it’s not just colleges, universities and sports institutions that use it to obtain results, but in businesses too wher e survival is based on ensuring positive outcomes. Having objectives is not the issue, but striving to attain them is. Following are the points that help you to achieve goals: †¢ State your goals in specific terms.Understand what your goals are and know why you’re selecting these goals. †¢ Make your goals attainable. There is no point setting goals you believe are unattainable. The best way to do this is to break your goals down into actionable steps. †¢ Measure your goals. Set a timeframe, or a milestone that can put the pressure on you to meet your objectives. ANALYSIS: To what extent you and your colleagues feel that the company sets challenging goals for itself and expects quality performance and outstanding production? Answer Log Table: Low |1 |2 | |standards | | | | | |1 |2 |3 |4 |5 | |1 |Tells group members what they are supposed to do. |- |- |4 |18 |3 | |2 |Acts friendly with members of the group. |- |- |3 |5 |17 | |3 |Sets standards of performance for group members. – |2 |5 |12 |6 | |4 |Helps others feel comfortable in the group. |- |- |4 |8 |13 | |5 |Makes suggestions about how to solve problems. |- |2 |4 |6 |13 | |6 |Responds favorably to suggestions made by others. |- |- |6 |10 |9 | |7 |Makes his/her perspective clear to others. |- |- |2 |16 |7 | |8 |Treats others fairly. |- |- |2 |5 |18 | |9 |Develops a plan of action for the group. |- |1 |14 |7 |3 | |10 |Behaves in a predictable manner toward group members. – |3 |12 |2 |8 | We asked different questions relating to the leadership style from NIB Bank employees to know which leadership style their leader uses and we found that two of the leadership styles that are task oriented and people oriented or relations-Oriented. The results we got from employees of NIB Bank that 53% of the employees feel that their managers are relationship oriented leaders and remaining 47% feels that their managers are task oriented leaders so this shows that the NIB Bank has got the com bination of leaders that are task oriented and relationship oriented.This shows that NIB Bank have the leaders that perform better in all situations and can manage their teams more effective in favorable conditions and also in very unfavorable conditions. PATH GOAL THEORY: House’s PATH GOAL THEORY describes how leaders can motivate their followers to achieve group and organizational goals and the kinds of behaviors they can engage in to accomplish that Path Goal theory suggests that effective leaders follow three guidelines to motivate their followers.The guidelines are based on the expectancy theory of motivation. Effective leaders who follow these guidelines have highly motivated subordinates who are likely to meet their work goals and perform at high levels. Determine what outcomes subordinates are trying to obtain in the workplace. For example, what needs are they trying to satisfy, or what goals are they trying to meet? After gaining this information, the leader must hav e control over those outcomes or over the ability to give or withhold the outcomes to subordinates.Reward subordinates for performing at high levels or achieving their work goals by giving them desired outcomes. Make sure the subordinates believe that they can obtain their work goals and perform at high levels. Leaders can do this by showing subordinates the paths to goal attainment (hence the name path goal theory), by removing any obstacles that might come along the way, and by expressing confidence in their subordinates capabilities. House identified four types of behavior that leaders can engage in to motivate subordinates: Directive behavior (similar to initiating structure) lets subordinates know what tasks need to be performed and how they should be performed. †¢ Supportive behavior (similar to consideration) lets subordinates know their leaders cares about their well-being and is looking out for them. †¢ Participative behavior enables subordinates to be involved in making decisions that affect them. †¢ Achievement-oriented behavior pushes subordinates to do their best.Such behavior includes setting difficult goals for followers, expecting high performance, and expressing confidence in their capabilities. ANALYSIS: We designed a different questionnaire especially for the TOP MANAGEMENT OF NIB Bank and the questions were related to PATH GOAL THEORY as the questionnaire belongs to the top management so we asked four top level managers of NIB Bank to fill this questionnaire list of their names and designation are given below: By studying our questionnaire we found different behaviors of leadership and there contribution in the organization’s behavior.We found different results for each behavior after analyzing the answers of our respondents which are given below: Directive Leaders Behavior: The most contributive behavior in leadership behaviors in NIB Bank having 27% share in leadership behavior was found to be directive behavior whic h is being frequently used in the organization we targeted. The benefit of using directive form of leadership which is characterized by greater control, defining what needs to be done, allocating resources and establishing clear expectations.The directive leadership behavior takes a more pragmatic approach to handling affairs in NIB Bank and is characteristically utilized in corporate turn-around situations. Supportive Leaders Behavior: The second most contributory behavior in leadership behaviors in NIB Bank having 26% share in leadership behaviors was found to be supportive behavior the results obtained shows that supportive behavior used in NIB Bank is almost the same as the use of directive leadership behavior with having difference of only 1% which is not a very big figure. Participative Leaders Behavior:Participative leadership behavior is the least used behavior in NIB’s culture with having 23% this shows that the NIB Bank leaders do consult with their subordinates whi le making a decision but at low frequency as compared to other PATH GOAL leadership behaviors. Achievement Oriented Leaders Behavior: The third most contributory behavior in leadership behaviors in NIB Bank with having percentage of 24 this shows that the leaders of NIB Bank set challenging goals for their subordinates with low frequency but they expect from their employees to perform at their highest level.The results of our analysis shows that there is no such big difference in leadership behaviors used in NIB Bank and this is a very good sign for NIB Bank that their leaders manage their subordinates according to different situations with different leadership behaviors. NORMS: â€Å"Norms are shared group expectations about behavior and how members ought to behave. † Norms provide groups with control and predictability and give members a sense of security and comfort. Norms are also the way we express values, attitudes and beliefs.Norms put boundaries on members that may be narrow or wide. Many norms in organizations originate from management expectation or from work rules and procedures of the formal organization. They develop and operate in informal groups. Many central work group norms revolve around productivity. Norms can put lower and upper limits on productivity. Controlling productivity not only spread the work ought to more people for a longer period, but also prevents management from rising its expectation.Some organizations have norms emphasizing social concern for employees this norm foster taking care of people who needed or other wise contributing to the quality of an employee’s life at work. Management can foster many norms that contribute to organizational success, such as norms effecting work quality, helpfulness or customer relation. A norm of secrecy may be critical to keep competitors from stealing ideas. ANALYSIS: Norms are of four types. The one we quire about is social norm. The reason of selecting social norm is that our culture is based on collectivism so the importance of social norms is very high.The situation of norms in NIB’s culture is fair enough according to the result of our questionnaire most of the employees follows the norms set by the organization and they are satisfied with them, but we found some employees who are willing to improve the conditions i. e. norms the calculated value of there willingness is about 25%. The major factors of social norms are friendliness, trust and mutual support. According to the employees in NIB Bank the conditions of trust and friendliness are pretty good and they are willing to increase mutual support.It is necessary to emphasize on social arrangement norms in country like Pakistan because of its collectivism culture and these norms helps the organization to get the participation of their employee in positive manner to achieve the goals set by the organization these kind of norms also motivates the employees to remain in organization because of f riendly culture in organization social arrangement norms also helps the employees to interacts with each other in more friendly manner which will increase trust among them and with there top management.If these norms are valued by the management then it will positively affect employee satisfaction and productivity and it will also enhance the organization culture CONFORMITY: â€Å"Conformity can be defined as a change in a person’s behavior or opinions as a result of real or imagined pressure from a person or a group of people†. Who does Conformity affect? Conformity can affect people in all different ways, positively and negatively. In task-specific situations, those who are led to believe they do not have the required aptitude, their tendency to conform increases.Individualistic societies are less likely to conform than collectivistic. How does Conformity work? An individual will most likely conform if: ? The majority consists of experts ? The members of the majority are important to the individual ? The individual can relate to the majority on some level–there are similarities between the individual and the group ANALYSIS: Through our questionnaire we analyzed the pattern of answers given by employees and we found many similar answers in regard of questions and it hows greater extend of conformity among employees of NIB Bank as they have almost marked similar options given in each questions of our questionnaire. The level of conformity shows there good relations and understanding with each other which also shows that they will not leave each other in hard times but on the other hand the high level of conformity indicates the danger of employees saying always yes to other’s decision instead of thinking critically about it and there might be a chance of employee saying yes under pressure in the fear of loosing group and may result in loss of any useful idea.After Asch’s study about conformity, in the world the conformity is decreasing as the level of knowledge and awareness are increasing and the result of our questionnaire shows high level of conformity, we can suggest the reason â€Å"collectivism culture of Pakistan† TEAMS: A group whose individual efforts result in a performance that is greater than the sum of the individuals input.Guideline for team leaders set by NIB’s management: |Definition: | |Has a natural authority, generates commitment and builds team cohesiveness by setting a clear vision for the team, reflected in core values. |EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOUR INDICATOR |LESS EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOUR INDICATOR | |MORE OF THIS |LESS OF THIS | | | | |Communicates frequently a realistic picture of future plans so people know |Takes independent decisions and asks the team to follow | |what has to be done and why? instruction without questioning. | | | | |Arrives at decision by consensus, where appropriate, to gain team |Waits for team to ask for information instead of proactively | |commitment. | keeping them informed of the ‘big’ picture. | | | |Is supportive of the team / individuals and helps in overcoming problems to|Exhibits high personal energy when initiating action but does not | |achieve targets. |follow through. | | | | |Leads by example; displays behavior which reflects the desired work norms |Talks about the theory and principles of leadership, yet not | |and values. reflected in behavior. | | | | |Spends time finding out the way individuals want to be managed and work |Uses the abilities of staff for own personal and career gains; | |together; adapts leadership by style to match. does not share benefits and praise but passes on criticisms and | | |blame. | |Maximizes the available resource by constructing well-balanced teams; | | |acknowledges and helps others values the unique contributions of each |Does not seek to identify and discuss the values of the team to | |member. |ensure everyone is working towards a common goal. | | | |Identifies own lea dership style and strengths, adapts these to specific |Avoid admitting own mistakes or limitations. | |situations. | | | | | |Follows up with dissenters or blocker to contain negativity. | Guidelines for reducing conflicts between team members set by NIB’s management: |Definition: | |The ability to pull together individuals or parties in conflict by diffusing emotions, identifying the critical issues and helping got reach a| |compromise; keeps the focus on common objective to meet both needs. |EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOUR INDICATOR |LESS EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOUR INDICATOR | |MORE OF THIS |LESS OF THIS | | | | |Confronts covert conflict; draws out sensitive issues or relationships. Lets conflict escalate before taking any action. | | | | |Uses all-round knowledge to manage interdepartmental and |Seeks to diffuse conflict after listening to only some of the parties | |intra-departmental conflicts. |involved; jumps to conclusions about others based on earlier | | |situations. |Keeps the focus of conflict resolution on the long term overall | | |interests of the organization. |Adopts a singular style or strategy across different contexts. | | | | |Facilitates open discussion between conflicting parties. |Does not identify brewing conflicts from emotional reactions. | | | |Remains impartial when dealing with others; listen to arguments of each|Suggests own solution to conflict without identifying the source. | |party. | | | |Focuses too much on emotional aspects of the conflict rather than the | |Adapts approach to the situation and the culture of the conflicting |solutions. |parties. | | | |Conveys inconsistent messages to conflicting parties, thus resulting | | |in the further confusions. | ANALYSIS:After visited to NIB Bank we discovered that the NIB Bank employees comprised of self-managed works teams according to employees responses they feel greater level of responsibility on their shoulders and they manage the things like planning, scheduling of work, and assigning task to the member of team, control the pace of the work, make decisions through discussion between the team members, take actions to solve the problem and also interact with their customers and we found that the employees called their colleagues relationship officer rather than sales officer.QUALITY MANAGEMENT: CREATIVITY |Definition: | |Is able to conceive original, imaginative and valuable ideas to solve problems and improve processes. |EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOUR INDICATOR |LESS EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOUR INDICATOR | |MORE OF THIS |LESS OF THIS | | | | |Develops ideas and thinks through to an innovative conclusions. Prefers to use tried and tested methods to solve problems rather than| | |think of new and innovative solutions. | |Questions traditional thinking in order to initiate new perspectives. | | | |Sees opportunities as risks; talks about the dangers and risks rather| |Builds on information and ideas provided by others. |than the potential benefits. | | | |Acts quickly to grasp and dev elop novel opportunities. |Actions ideas giving appropriate thought only to short-term benefits | | |and immediate impact. | |Improvises effective solutions when faced with ambiguous and difficult | | |situations. Is overly absorbed in own ideas; hence is not as aware of the | | |environment or important events as required. | |Tests out ideas for practicality and feasibility. | | | |Over relies heavily on past experience; does not think laterally. |Seeks out pools and thinkers and puts them together to generate ideas; | | |uses tools and techniques to simulate others’ creativity. | | CONTINUES LEARNING: |Definition: | |A strong personal commitment to self-development reflected in an underlying curiosity to know more about people, things, issues, stretching | |beyond what is routine or required job knowledge. |EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOUR INDICATOR |LESS EFFECTIVE BEHAVIOUR INDICATOR | |MORE OF THIS |LESS OF THIS | | | | |Identifies skills needed for the future and takes steps to devel op |Over emphasizes the importance of won professional development at the | |self and others. cost of work priorities. | | | | |Actively seeks professional development opportunities, both inside |Relies too heavily on own knowledge does not accept constructive | |and outside the organization. |feedback. | | | |Seeks opportunities to work with the others of diverse backgrounds, |Sticks to own area of expertise rather than broadening one’s focus. | |experience, viewpoints. | | | |Develops oneself for tangible rewards rather than more and grow. |Has personally established on-going systems or habits for information| | |gathering through professional memberships, literature and contacts. |Waits for others to identify own development needs. | | | | |Sets clear personal development targets which focus on behavioral |Considers skills lifelong; continuously resorts to tried and tested | |improvements as much as professional / technical skills. methods. | | | | |Volunteers for assignme nts which contribute to individual learning |Prefers to cover up mistakes rather than seek feedback and learn. | |goals. | | | | | |Accepts and seeks feedback from others; learns from past mistakes. | CONCLUSION: After studying and a analyzing the results of our research on the various issues related to the organizational behavior within the organization that are affecting the performance of its management and particularly its employee, followed by several general and specific list of questions we asked and the interviews we conducted during our visit to the two branches of NIB bank one on â€Å"Tariq Road† and other on â€Å"I.I Chundrigar Road†, we are able to draw out our conclusions about this report. NIB Bank is a global bank which is also operating in Pakistan. The organization behavior regarding goal setting for employees we have concluded that the management of NIB Bank is effective in setting goals according to the competition in the banking sector of Pakistan . As the requirement of growing banking sector it is necessary to set challenging and effective goals so as to become market leaders.Despite of setting challenging goals the employees of NIB Bank are satisfied with these challenging goals and performing well to achieve the goals which were provided to them. The management style in NIB Bank is kind of participative management in which employees are given chance to share their ideas for decision making so the NIB Bank is utilizing its employees by getting different ideas from different employees this provides greater chances for getting better and innovative ideas.Not only this but from this activity employees feel motivated because they think they also have the authority in decision making process and they are also a part of an organization. During the interview of an employee NIB Bank he told us â€Å"All the employees here are given title of relationship officer rather than any other designation and at the beginning of each month the top level management visits every branch and arrange meeting with all the employees of the branch and discuss the problems faced by every employee and immediately tries to resolve the problem and this is the major motivating factor for us†.For motivating their employees management uses different types of motivating tools the innovative ones we found are ESOP (Employees Stock Ownership Plan) and the pay plan for less productive workers. By providing ESOP the employees gains the ownership of an organization and work hard not only for their benefit but also to maximize the profit of the organization. The next thing about the pay plan for less productive workers the company motivate their employees whose performance is not up to the mark by giving them the salaries equivalent to the market value of the any other employee of same rank.As the motivation and reward systems are up to the expectation of the employees so the employees are very much satisfied and don’t want to leave the organization. The leadership styles in NIB Bank are mixture of both the task oriented and relationship oriented but it is little lien towards relationship oriented leadership style. The leader’s behavior consisting of all the leaders’ behavior provided by House’s Path Goal Theory having almost same percentages with very low variation.Overall we concluded NIB Bank inherits strong organizational culture having values for leaders and as well as for employees and the organization behavior is up to the mark for any company being in Pakistan.RECOMMENDATION: 1. NIB Bank should offer training and development sessions for undergraduates; this will help NIB Bank in future while recruiting employees. 2. NIB Bank should reduce conformity by giving rewards to employees for suggesting more effective idea in the benefit of the organization this will not only provide wider range of ideas but also act as a motivational tool for their employees. . NIB Bank should arran ge extra curricular activities like cricket matches on inter bank level to further improve relations between employees as other organizations are organizing (for example ABN Amro, Mobilink, etc. ) 4. NIB should introduce â€Å"Dress-Down† day i. e. employees should be given permission to wear dresses other than formal dresses on certain days so as to make them relaxed while work.