Memento opening scene

Memento is a film about a man, called Lenny, who seeks to find the man who raped and killed his wife during a burglary. What makes this harder for him is that he suffers from short-term memory loss. To cope with his condition, he takes many photographs with his Polaroid camera and tattoos his body in order to direct him to the man who killed his wife. The film is directed by Christopher Nolan, and Guy Pearce stars as Lenny. The film opens with slow, peaceful music. The music chosen by Nolan is perfect; it gives the audience a calm peaceful atmosphere, settling the audience to contrast what is to come soon on. Additionally, as one note changes to the other, the previous note can still be heard, fading into the background until gone, much like Lenny's memory. The credits fade into blue, and then fade out to white. This is a perfect representation of Lenny's memory; because as he learns about the past it quickly fades away. The choice of colours Nolan chose are very effective. White represents purity and innocence, this is chosen well as Lenny believes he is doing the right thing, yet he lacks depth stability to hold onto his memories, which is commonly associated with the colour blue. After part of the credits, a Polaroid picture appears on the screen. Held by a clean, gentle looking hand. On the picture, we see a dead body, with large amounts of blood on the wall behind it. Nolan does this to make the audience feel the aggression and power of the kill. Despite this, the calm and peaceful atmosphere still lingers, the music still plays and we notice the background is green, unlike the white background in the picture. This and safe looking hand, gives the audience some distance from the murder, making them feel safer and further away from the murder. Because of this, the audience will feel upset for the Lenny who is holding it. Lenny begins shaking the Polaroid, and the ink begins to fade away. This tells the audience that the scene is actually in reverse. Nolan does this because we, like Lenny, do not know any events that have occurred in the past. The audience also learn at this point that the movie will be is a ‘reverse mode'. The scenes are chronologically going in reverse but they are actually played forwards. The ink fades from the Polaroid completely, and the camera angle changes and begins to follow the Polaroid until the picture was taken. Once Lenny moves the camera from his face, the audience sees Lenny for the first time. He looks nervous, and the scratch on his face discourages us from believing that the clean hand holding the photo earlier is actually him. Also the music stops at the camera flash, and the audience feelings change to the new music playing; eerie and suspicious. The hand was misleading, as well as the colour of the walls seen in the previous shot. This makes the audience become suspicious about Lenny, and to wonder why he is really there. Our feelings for Lenny have completely changed as we discover more about him. The audience first felt that he was a good guy, but now the audience are starting to believe that Lenny is a cold-hearted murdered. Nolan arouses these suspicious to draw the audience into the story. Nolan gives hints in the scene that Lenny has killed before. Firstly, when we see his face, his expression is rather dull and emotionless, and shows no regret or guilt what so ever. Nolan also makes a clear connection between the camera and a gun. For example, Lenny slips his camera out of the inside of his jacket like it was a gun. The camera flash also sounds like a bullet is being fired. Furthermore this heightens our feelings on Lenny, making us even more suspicious about Lenny. As the scene goes on, we see blood climbing up Teddy's skin. This is a very powerful clip as it extends the brutality seen previously in the Polaroid. The gore of it sends the audience a shock, and emphasis the power of the kill. The extreme close up of the bullet overpowers the audience, and leaves a cold shadow over them. It informs the audience that it was defiantly murder that had taken place, and that it was by a gun. The glasses, thought bloodstained and cracked, stereotype an intelligent, good person. We assume that whomever they belonged too was innocent of death, and therefore making the audience feel worse about Lenny. Glasses usually help one to see better, yet with no face behind them the audience themselves find it hard to see the mystery of the man, and therefore making his death seem unreasonable. The low angle shot of Lenny makes the audience feel smaller than he is, making him seem more dominant, powerful and threatening. Nolan does this to keep pressuring the thought on the audience that Lenny is the killer. In conclusion, Nolan uses many effects in the first scene to establish a general feeling from the audience, that Lenny is a killer. Nolan has used various types of effects to deliver his messages.

Natural Disasters Essay

There is certain order in the world. The planets move in their orbit around the sun. The disasters which occur naturally are known as natural disasters. There are infinite natural disasters. Some of them are landslides, floods and volcanic eruptions. By taking the example of planets orbiting around the sun, the question rises that how do these devastating disasters occur? Floods occur in those areas which are closer to seas. Due to heavy rain, the sea water increases and spills out over the area with speed and destroying everything. Flash floods are another example of floods which occur suddenly. All the land and fertile soil is destroyed. Landslides occur in mountains. They occur by a number of reasons in which earthquake is the main reason. It causes the mountainous slopes to weaken the saturated soil which run down the hill and kills every thing in the way. It blocks the way for people to travel. Volcanoes are fractured structured located on the crust which fall within the mass of the definition of planet. The earth allows hot lava to escape from the magma which is below the surface. This occurs when the earth’s crust breaks in some major parts. Erupting volcanoes cause many hazards such as volcanic ash, which is a threat to aircraft, mainly in jet engines where ash particles are melted due to high temperature. This destroys the turbine blades. After a lot of research it is still not known how volcanic eruption can be prevented. Researchers have stopped looking for prevention of volcanic eruptions.Man’s defences are too weak in comparison to nature. It is often expected that natural disasters are nature’s way of keeping human population in check. Are any of these disasters caused by man Man is not the cause of volacanic eruptions, but he plays a role in weather related disasters as floods. Everyone knows that weather is being affected by clearing of forests on earth. This is within our control. Hence some disasters can be controlled. All we have to do is to hope for a day to come when we could control all  natural disasters. Till then we have to remain at the mercy of nature.

Aristotles concept of justice Essay Example for Free

Aristotle’s concept of justice Essay In his book The Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the concept of justice in Book V. Justice is used with its many different connotations. However, in order to explain the statement that justice can only be found in the laws established by the state I would like to point out the last two types of justice and the notion of equity Aristotle refers to in his book. The first is natural justice, true for everyone, and next to that there is conventional justice which can differ in different societies and there is the notion of equity that works in unusual cases. With understanding these three concepts we can reach to the conclusion that according to Aristotle justice can not only be found in the laws established by the state and he is right in claiming such an idea. Anyone who is a virtuous person can also be just. But not everyone who is just is also virtuous. Would you consider someone who kills the murderer of his wife a murderer? Would you put him in the same position as Jack the Ripper? Do you think justice is protected by the law? Is it just to stone adulteresses to death even if it complies with the law? Which law is just and which is not? What are the criteria? Are the laws of the state enough to maintain justice?Such questions can be boosted up to thousands if one starts to think about justice, itsconnotations and the relation between justice and law. The debate is a long-lasting one. In his book The Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the concept of justice in Book V. Justice is used with its many different connotations. There is particular justice, distributive justice, reciprocal justice, political and social justice, domestic justice, natural and conventional justice. I would like to point out the last two types of justice in order to understand Aristotle’s idea of law and justice relation in a state. According to Aristotle, there is natural justice, true for everyone, and next to that there is conventional justice which can differ in different societies. Natural justice is the kind of justice that can be applied to every human being regardless of nation, race, religion, etc. It has the same validity everywhere and do not depend on acceptance. Aristotle argues that â€Å"the things which are not just by nature but by human enactment are not everywhere the same, since constitutions are not the same, though there is  by one which is everywhere by nature the best† (124). Accordingly, the conventional justice is set by the society and in some cases by the rulers of the society. However, Aristotle suggests that, for the laws established by the state, a law can be just whether it is for the advantage of the law makers or the rulers or the dominant class. In The Nichomachean Ethics, he says that â€Å"the laws†¦on all subjects aim at the common advantage either of all or of the best or of those who hold power†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (108). He adds that every kind of conventional justice is created in one way from the natural justice and it is normal that they may differ from one society to another. For instance it is by the law to drive on a certain side in Turkey and in Britain people drive on the other side of the road. Both laws are created to maintain justice and order. However there are laws which are created by the state such as the law that women have to wear veils which seems to us not just but what is important to Aristotle is not what we think but how that society with that particular law is affected. As long as the law works for the society, regardless of its rightness, it maintains justice. Let’s give an example, at the times of Roman Empire the gladiators fight with each other or with lions, they know that they are going to die at the arena but they do not show any fear, they fight with their honors and they die with an honorable death. Mentioning that laws are created to be functional, to stabilize and control the society, Aristotle talks about the â€Å"equitable justice† in which he stresses that there are cases in which the universal law or justice does not suit to the case in hand. He suggests that laws guide people in the direction of justice but they do not encompass all the cases about justice or injustice. In such conditions he suggests that the judge interferes and corrects â€Å"the law where it is defective owing to its universality† (133). Equity means the correction of the law when it is too abstract for the situation in hand. Aristotle here suggests that the judge or the legislator should find the balance and give the right decision in such situations. Taking these ideas into consideration, according to Aristotle, the laws of  the state are enough to maintain justice for their people only to a certain extent because in some cases the decision making authority is not the law but the jud ge. I think Aristotle is right in making such a claim because of many reasons. First of all, if the conventional laws are the extensions of natural laws and the natural laws are universal and do not change in any situation but still there are circumstances in which the natural law is tooabstract for the case and the judge and the legislator is the one who is to adapt the law to the case, we can not say that either the natural laws or the conventional laws (the laws established by the state) maintains the justice. Furthermore, if there arecases in which the law does not work, we can not say that the laws established by the state maintain the justice at all times unless we see the starting argument as a generalization. However it is also not possible to know the qualities of the judge whether he is biased toward the case that he balances with the law. Accordingly there may be some cases in which justice may not be maintained because of the origin (in Aristotle’s words â€Å"universality†) of the law does not cover the case or because of the judge’s personal qualities. Consequently if the conventional laws are the extensions of natural laws and the natural laws are universal and do not change in any situation but still there are circumstances in which the natural law is too abstract for the case and the judge and the legislator is the one who is to adapt the law to the case, we can not say that either the natural laws or the conventional laws (the laws established by the state) maintains the justice. Aristotle’s concept of justice. (2016, Jul 25).

Poetry study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Poetry study - Essay Example The poem reflects the message from a lover who compares the girl he admires to a rose flower. If the flower does not expose its beauty to the people when it is still young, it will be long forgotten after it has withered down. The two poems point out to the same theme of the temporariness of life of an earth. Life on Earth is temporary and is bound to end at some point. In Ozymandias, the persona recalls having encountered a traveler from â€Å"an antique land† who narrated about a statue that was destroyed in his local country (Mikics Para. 1). The statue that had only two legs and the head that bore a face that was well sculptured to expose the moods of the statue. The emotions can still be observed even long after the sculptor and the subject had long been dead. On the pedestal of the statue was the words â€Å"My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings† and besides the lifeless statue was nothing but only â€Å"lone and level sands† (Poem Hunter). The poem appears to be a short, but rich story that is expressed in the words of a stranger. The poem signifies the pride of the kings as they call themselves â€Å"king of kings â€Å" and construct permanent works of art that last long after they are dead. Shelly seems to offer a criticism of the kings by ironically referring to their arrogance that is destroyed by the power of time. The main message is that life is not permanent and that even the pride of time is undermined by the ruinous power of time. Symbolism is one of the styles that Bysshe uses to add develop her message. One symbolic feature that the poet uses is the absence of the central body of the sculpture. Only the two concrete legs appear and a head placed beside the sculpture. The use of this image seems to refer to the loss of the king’s legacy after the ruinous time has taken past him. The implication of this is that time erodes all the aspects of a person and they fade away. The pride of the king as â€Å"king of kings † cannot outlast the works of art that they created (Brackett 190). The use of symbolism assists the poet to develop a perfect 14 lines sonnet while expressing her message within the short poem. On the other hand, Waller’s poem â€Å"Go, lovely Rose† features the words of flower bearer who intends to send with a message to a beautiful woman. Before sending the flower, he gives it a message concerning the beauty that she possesses. The flower should pass the information that she is a sweet and fair as the rose flower and that she is comparable to the same flower in all the aspects. She should come out and be desired rather than hide from the people. She should remain hidden like â€Å"In desert where no men abide† as at some point in her life she is going to wither like the flower. He says that â€Å"†¦ uncommented died† to signify the people who spent the short time they had in life and later died without ever being desired (Poetry Foundation). Waller’s message in this poem is that beauty is as temporary as life is and the only way to enjoy it is coming out to be admired by the people (Brackett 192). Symbolism is used here to compare the young girl and a flower that has a temporary beauty and will one day dry and be forgotten. The two poems point out to the same thing that life is never permanent and that people at some time are meant to leave the earth eventually. In the

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 32

Reflection - Essay Example The three key dimensions in performance expectation include disciplinary core ideas, engineering practices and crosscutting concepts, which will make students successful. Most importantly, NGSS shows more clearly how the integration should occur. Though integration at the lowest grade levels certainly is the most challenging, there are instructional resources that can be used to achieve an interactive orientation. Teachers should actively use the shifts in the NGSS for them to understand them better. The biggest challenge however, is how science and engineering can be integrated into a lesson. This should be the number one problem that requires a solution. To be highly beneficial, the implementation of the changes has to be grounded in the science education vision as outlined in the Framework (NRC 2012) with careful planning and support. A deeper understanding of the framework should be of utmost importance as opposed to rushing through ideas. A comprehensive plan should be developed in consideration of the phases in capacity building before the implementation deadline. The way in which assessment is to be done too has to shift in order to meet the NGSS requirements. The development, approval and implementation of new national and state assessments should take enough time to ensure the assessment is to give the best test to students. Despite the above challenges, the new standards will certainly revitalize science education quality and is also going to be highly supported to bring about a modern outlook of science education. The opportunity should not be squandered by rushing through implementation prematurely. Neither should it be given light treatment while thinking of the shifts as minor, worrying that they cannot be implemented or waiting for the whole system’s components to change. Careful planning together with careful execution is sure going to ensure

Isaacs Storm book essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Isaacs Storm book - Essay Example Poor woman, she had been attacked by a mugger. We suspected the mugger was one of the many immigrants from Europe, who, after finding it hard to get a job, had turned to crime (Larson 18). The day started rather slowly, being a Saturday, there was not much to engage in. I planned to go to the beach in the afternoon, but I changed my mind. It had become extraordinarily windy and cloudy. Then the wind became catastrophic. It was blowing items all over. Then came the stormy rain and news of floods. I received the warnings of the impending floods after I called the Bureau of meteorology (Larson 43). Neighbors also informed me that an official from the Bureau known as Isaac Cline was going round the streets and beach warning people of the impending floods and informing them to move to the center of the town. Together with my family, we headed his advice and abandoned our house to seek safety at the town center. There was panic and fear as everyone scampered for safety in knee high flood waters (Larson 92). I hardly slept last. Together with other survivors, we had spent the night trying to salvage both life and property. Houses at the lower sides of the town had been destroyed by the raging waters. In order to survive, I and other survivors were on top of the floating debris shielding ourselves from the flying timber blown by the wind with pieces of wood. Despite this, many people who had managed to escape the wreck of their houses were killed atop the debris. We managed to land on a safe house. The water had subsided, though the rain was still heavy (Larson 286). I witnessed the most grievous loss of both life and property. Nearly half of the town’s residential area had been destroyed. This means that nearly six thousand people had perished. Dead bodies were being washed around by water. Crying people were in search of their family members and close relatives. Bodies trapped under rubble and wrecked houses were being retrieved. It was

Arranging Morning Tea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arranging Morning Tea - Research Paper Example I would like to serve at least two types of fruit juices (ten from each) to meet with the different likes and dislikes of the visitors. If caterer A is selected to provide mango and apple juices for 20 persons the cost will be USD 110 (10x6 + 10x5). If caterer B is selected to provide apple and lime juices for 20 persons (considering 200 ml as the serving size) the cost will be USD 80 (20x2 + 4x10). Cater A is a long established outlet which is well-known for the quality of its foods. Many people including our own staff members had dined there and are impressed by the quality, appearance, and taste of the foods and hygienic practices. Even though it is the most distanced place to our complex from the two outlets, they usually transport foods to the required venue free of charge and on time. Caterer B is new to the area and little is known about the quality of their foods. It is comparatively a small place and hygienic practices are not prominent. Although the prices are cheaper caterer B provides artificially flavored apple juice which may not be the best option to impress our valuable guest. Irrespective of the 1-2 dollar increase in the price, fresh juices are desirable to treat such important first-time visitors. Moreover provided prices (by caterer A) are very reasonable for this types of good quality fruit juices. Further caterer B provides juices in bottles and non-potable cups whereas caterer A provides juices in portable plastics cups. It is convenience for us to have in cups since we do not need to arrange them (pour them into cups) before serving. Also, visitors can watch the complex while sipping the juice.

Culture Change at Texaco - Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Culture Change at Texaco - - Case Study Example thical problems at Texaco by introducing complete culture change that highlighted stringent measures for implementing equity across the workforce at all levels of interaction. Most importantly, cultural dimension was seen as the central element of promoting equity which not only showed firm’s commitment towards diversity but also raised important question of organizational culture and business strategy that played vital role in promoting better work culture within and outside the firm. In the highly competing environment of rapid globalization, pluralistic society had increasingly become a norm. Organizational ethics and ethical consideration to socially relevant issues give significant leverage to the firm in the market as it tend to influence firm’s image amongst the public, impacting their overall performance (Trevino & Nelson, 2014). Thus, Texaco’s new diversity policy was made intrinsic part of its business strategy and organizational culture. It mainly targeted the behavior of employees and through harsh measures like dismissal from job, ensured that employees treated other employees coming from different color, race, gender and culture with respect. The diversity strategy was integrated within all spheres of firm’s operations including recruitment, promotion, retention, supply chain, customer service etc. The system was distinct in its lack of commitment towards diversity mainly due to low awareness regarding cultural values and cultural competencies. The initial focus of new diversity policy was important facilitator for encouraging better behavior and mode of communication. By introducing drastic changes, the managerial leadership was actually making efforts to develop better organizational culture that relied on building new workplace relationships based on better cross-cultural understanding and mutual respect. The strategic realignment of its business strategy and business goals would emerge as important catalyst for developing facilitating

Video games as an art Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Video games as an art - Research Paper Example One of the major reasons why some people support the playing of video games is that they assist in the expansion of individuals’ intelligence. This is normally in the case of children whose brain is still growing. Also, some games such as Dance Revolution are advantageous to the kids as they enable them to exercise and have fun at the same time. The supporters of the video games also state that they help in the improvement of coordination and also serve to bring together many people which leads to the making of new friends (Gee 49).   Another major reason why some people support the video games is that they are relaxing and fun to play and some games are considered to be educational as they are either based on situations which occur in individuals’ real life or are based on certain simulations. Lastly, the playing of video games is supported by some people as it ensures the growth of concentration power and makes the participant’s mind to become sporty. In addi tion, some realistic feigning gives learners a chance to experience the outcomes of their decisiveness and consider the solutions decently. Educational computer games have numerous advantages to the students in that learners acquire continuous and contiguous feedback. Learners are able to contain the entire sailing of the game, breaking down Byzantine tasks and this directs or chips in guidelines to learners through diverse steps and game-based tasks. This enables the learner to come up with hypotheses and experimentation.

What are the principal institutions of the European Union To what Assignment - 1

What are the principal institutions of the European Union To what extent do these institutions engage with the sources of EU law - Assignment Example This therefore means that the laws were formed for social and political reasons. There are three laws that originate from the EU laws. These are treaties, regulations, recommendations and directives. Regulations are directly applicable to all the member states as from the date it is implemented without any action from the member states. A directive is applicable to all the member states of the EU, but the national authorities have the right to choose the form or method. Decisions on the other hand are only binding to the states to which it is designated. Any regulations and directives addressed to particular member states must be published in the Official Journal of the Communities. Some of these laws apply to some of the Member States while others do not. Some of the European Union laws are binding while others are not (Fairhurst, 2009, 72). The EU Institutions were basically created with the main aim of giving an impression to an continually closer Union of European states. The members of the European Union kept growing over time which resulted in an increase in the number of responsibilities for the EU. Over time the Institutions have increased in number and broadened and are more numerous. There are over a dozen of European institutions but only five are really important. There are European Council, Council of Ministers, Parliament, Commission and EU Court. The three institutions that make up the â€Å"institutional triangle† for the European Council law is the Council, Commission and the Parliament. Other minor institutions that exist under the European Union are the European Court of Auditors, the European Investment Fund, and the European Economic, the European Central Bank and Social Committee and others. This institution serves one main purpose which is to steer the political direction chaired by the Head of States. This Institution is often mistaken with The Council of the European Union, which refers to a meeting of ministers who

Phaedrus as a Discourse on Rhetoric Essay Example for Free

Phaedrus as a Discourse on Rhetoric Essay Plato’s dialogue Phaedrus is primarily about rhetoric. It initially shows rhetoric through speeches about love, (230e-234d, 237a-241d)1 but in the second half, Socrates broadens the discussion, detailing the nature and proper practice of love and rhetoric, bringing the two topics together, and showing how each is necessary for the practice and mastery of the art. (243e-257b) The first major speech, by Phaedrus, parodies the style of Lysias, a popular rhetorician, deals with the relationship between youths and their older male admirers, lovers and non-lovers. In reply, Socrates accepts the basic topic, but develops and deepens several themes. Socrates follows this with a great recantation speech, filled with beautiful and powerful images. It is an allegorical myth, touching on the subject of true love and of the souls journeys, and reaching genuinely poetic heights. (237a-241d) Phaedrus is unlike other dialogues in that it is not a retelling of a days events. It is the direct exchange of Socrates and Phaedrus, with no other interlocutors. The reader sees this exchange first hand, as if witnessing the events themselves. Further, like natural conversation, the dialogue does not limit itself to a single subject. It glides from one topic to another. Phaedrus: The Dialogue versus the Limits of a Treatise: Phaedrus is a dialogue about rhetoric. It is a dialogue about love. It is also about the relationship between Socrates and Phaedrus, shifting conversationally from one subject to another, often moving through innuendoes and multiple entendres along the way. It is a human piece, as well as a study in different but interrelated topics. Using the dialogue form, Plato can intersperse themes in a ways unthinkable in a treatise. One key issues that he interjects is pederasty, love of a man for a youth. In a treatise on rhetoric, almost any such reference would be awkward; here, it becomes an added layer, highlighting much that is said. Lysias’ speech is expressly about pederastic relationships. (230e-234d) In his great speech, Socrates details the impact of pederastic relationship on the evolution of the soul. Discussion of pederastic love and ideals. (250a-258b) Throughout the dialogue, double entendres and sexual innuendo is abundant. Phaedrus flirts with Socrates as he encourages him to make his first speech. 235b, 236b-d) Phaedrus remarks that at noon-time that Socrates should not leave as the heat has not passed and it is straight-up, as they say. (242a) Socrates wishes to know what Phaedrus is holding under his cloak. (228d) And yet, role reversals between lover and beloved are constant. Socrates exhorts Phaedrus to lead the way at various times, (229b) and the dialogue ends with Socrates and Phaedrus leaving as friends, equals, not lover and beloved. (279b-c) They sit under a â€Å"chaste† tree (229a, 236e) often known as monks pepper, used to decrease sexual urges and believed to be an antaphrodisiac. Notably, Socrates sees the ideal relationship as asexual: the relationship is a form of divine madness, helping both lover and beloved to grow and reach the divine. (242a, 243a-b) Another, less notable topic that the dialogue keeps in play is the natural setting. After originally remarking that landscapes and trees have nothing to teach me, only people do, (230d) Socrates make several references drawing on the natural setting. (229b, 242a, 242b, 251b) He repeatedly invokes the presence and action of gods and nymphs. 230b, 241e, 278b) In a treatise, Plato could not make such references. This is clearly a work in which Plato knew how to use the dialogue form, and he used it thoroughly. To have presented this as a treatise would have been to give up much of the strength of this work. Phaedrus as an Ideal Conversation: Part of the effectiveness of Phaedrus lies in its sequence. It moves from Phaedrus’ reading of Lysias’ speech (228a-e) dealing with a foolish paradox of why it is better for a boy to give his favor to an older non-lover rather than to a lover, listing a range of reasons. 231-234c) Phaedrus is captivated with the beauty of this piece. Socrates fawns admiration, but when Phaedrus asks him not to joke, (234d-e) Socrates admits that he thought the speech poor: repetitious, uninterested in its subject, and pretentious. He can do better, (235a, 235c) and he does, not simply listing reasons, but developing an argument. All men desire beauty, but some are in love and some are not. Men are ruled by two principles: the inborn desire for pleasure, and an acquired judgment to pursue the best. 237d-238) Following different desires leads to different things, the most selfish being the uncontrolled enjoyment of personal beauty. One caught in this desire will want to turn his youthful beloved into whatever is most pleasing to himself, not what is best for the youth. (238c-240a) As wolves love lambs so lovers love their loves. (241d) At some point, right-minded reason will finally overcome the madness of love. (241a) By contrast, a non-lover, ruled by judgment, will focus more on what is good for the youth. (241e) The second half of the Dialogue is a critique of the first. Socrates assails rhetorical practice on various grounds, the key being the confusion of preliminary knowledge with creative power. No attainments will provide the speaker with genius; and the sort of attainments which can alone be of any value are the higher philosophy and the power of psychological analysis, which is given by dialectic, but not by the rules of the rhetoricians. (273d-e) Phaedrus and Proper Rhetoric Phaedrus claims that a good speechmaker does not need to know the truth of what he is speaking on, only how to persuade, (260a) persuasion being the purpose of oration. Socrates first objects that an orator who does not know bad from good will harvest a crop of really poor quality. (260d) Socrates says of speaking that even someone knowing the truth cannot convince people unless he knows the art of persuasion; (260d) but mastery of the art of speaking requires knowing the truth. (260e) Rhetoric, the art of persuasion, encompasses all speaking. (261e) To persuade an audience one must approach them by using similarities. To do this, one must know what things are similar and different. A person lacking this knowledge, cannot make proper comparisons. (262a-c) To master the art of rhetoric, one must recognize the division between objective subjects (iron, silver), and emotive subjects (love). (263b) Lysias failed to make this distinction, and accordingly, failed to even define what love itself is in the beginning; the rest of his speech appears random, and is poorly constructed. (263e-264b) Socrates then goes on to say, every speech must be put together like a living creature, all parts fitting together as a whole work. (264c) By contrast to Lysias’ failed effort, Socrates’ great speech starts with a thesis and proceeds to divine love, and setting it out as the greatest of goods. He shows how a true rhetorician must determine the nature of the hearer’s soul, just as medicine must determine the nature of the body. The skilled rhetorician must know the different types of souls and how they are moved. (271a-272b) The truly skilled speaker chooses a proper soul and sows within it discourse capable of helping itself as well as a the man who planted it, which produces a seed from which more discourse grows in the character of others. Such discourse makes the seed forever immortal and renders the man who has it happy as any human being can be. (276e-277a) To be a good rhetorician, then, one must know the truth of what he is speaking and how to analyze it to something indivisible. One must understand the nature of the soul and what sort of speech is proper to each soul. Only with all these points mastered will he be able to use speech artfully, to teach or to persuade. This is the point of the argument they have been making. 277c-278b) The Failure of Rhetoric in Athens and in Modern Life  Having set forth the requirements of true rhetoric, Socrates says, the truth is of no import in a law court, but rather the convincing; rhetoric, people claim, consists of cleaving towards the likely and should leave the truth aside. However, as it has already been determined that only people that know the truth can properly use the art of the likely, this popular opinion is decided to be clearly wrong. (273d) Similarly, he decries the growing dependence on writing. Socrates doubts the value of writing. It cannot teach, but can only remind those that already know what writing is about. (275d-e) Furthermore, writings are silent; they cannot speak, answer questions, or come to their own defense. (275e) By contrast, the best rhetoric is a dialectic process, a living, breathing discourse of one who knows, of which the written word can only be called an image. (277b-c) The one who knows uses the art of dialectic rather than writing. Plato offered these criticisms about the misuse of rhetoric more than 2,000 years ago. How much more forceful are they in the modern day and age?

Culture and Communication Essay Example for Free

Culture and Communication Essay The above figures show how different populations are spread in different countries all over the world. It implies that whenever we visit one country, we have to talk in a language that we shall be able to break communication barrier with our hosts. However, it has not been easy to break the cultural barrier between different communities. This is despite the fact that culture has appeared to be dynamic and changing with especially the changing technology. It has thus to be understood that cultural barrier is more than language barrier and if not carefully handled, the cultural barrier can provoke reactions that are negative and cause emotional reactions to the parties involved (Novinger, 2008). We need to understand that whatever that is taken to be of good behavior in one culture might actually be rudeness to others’ culture. You might also get that in one culture, there are issues that are very sensitive, but in actually sense, you don’t see them to be of any consequence in your own culture. This means that we need to understand the culture of the people we are in frequent communication with, so that we can speak the same culture rather than just speaking the same language (Gerry Wilson, n. d). It is important to note that although there are various reservations given about the world of communication, there is need for having some good communication so that we carry on our culture, or else, the chances of such culture surviving might be minimal. Effect of culture on communication It is very difficult to discover the cultural inclination that is involved in communication by one person of a different culture to another. â€Å"The extend to which culture affects communication between people from different cultural groups is a function of the dissimilarity between the cultures, rules, or self concepts,† (Cushman Cahn, 1984 pp 136). Culture is an important socialization aspect that can influence how we relate to other people and objects around us. The different in communication among people from different cultures comes from the uniqueness of the socialization process each has undergone. â€Å"Communication specialists estimate that some two-thirds to three-fourths of our communication take place nonverbally through behavior. Behavior itself is learned from our culture and all behavior communicates,† (Novinger, 2008 para 2). It is not possible to stop one from behaving in a certain way, and yet it is not possible to stop communicating. This means that at all time, we are constantly communicating in a behavior instilled in us by our culture. It is a common phenomenon for us to assume that our culture naturally shows how we are supposed to do things. In this aspect, we tend to look down upon other cultures as being less evolved. One might meet a person from one culture which might make them feel irritated by the fact that such a person might not be cooperative or might appear to be rude. It causes a lot of frustration when you find that a person you are having a conversation with is actually not getting what you are trying to put across. This might appear to you to be very simple, yet to the other partner, it is something that is complicated and new. It mostly depends on how the other party perceives issues altogether which might be completely different from your line of view. In this case, unless you see how the other person is perceiving the same information you are looking at, it will be very difficult to have a meaningful communication (LeBaron, 2003). In most instances, we have also assumed that our actions are governed by the free will. This is however not true since our culture is concerned with imposing certain rules unto us on the way we need to behave immediately we are born. Some common things that are leant at a tender age are when to talk and when not to talk, the gestures that are acceptable and the ones that are not, and we do also learn several table manners. In general, we learn on how to communicate with people in a manner that is totally acceptable to our culture. As Novinger (2008) argues, these communicative behaviors have some consequences, because as this â€Å"behavior is learned so well, it sinks to a subconscious level, so that when we interact with others, we operate on a sort of automatic pilot,† (para 4). While communicating to another person, it is rare to take note of whatever comes up during the communication which we consider to be normal. It is only the behavior that deviates from our cultural way of behaving that usually captures our attention much. In most instances, we take offence when such cases arise. We thus need to understand that the different way we perceive things from one culture does not necessarily mean that the other culture has a defect because of the perception they have on the same issue (Hauben, 1996). For instance, â€Å"Contrary to US culture, silence does not mean acceptance in other cultures,† (Sathyanarayan, n. d para 3). This means that there can appear some communication barrier in a meeting when one party has not understood anything and keeps quite. The other party may assume that by keeping quite, the other has fully understood what they were discussing, only to note that nothing has been put forward. This can be very frustrating especially if it is in a business entity and it might lead to a big loss to the business organization. In some instances, if the business or a project had a set deadline, a person will try to meet the deadline so as it does not appear like a case of disrespectful, yet in essence they are not sure of what is supposed to be done. This is usually common in relations that are still new. Another common cultural issue that can bring about communication barrier is that in some cultures, when in a meeting with high ranking officials, it is not good for members to give any contrary views. This means that despite the fact that a member might be having a certain pressing and important point but it is contrary to what the seniors are saying they might just keep quite. Therefore, a person from a different culture might be in problem understanding what is going on if they are in that kind of a meeting. In conclusions, we can say that it is easy to learn another person’s language to ease communication, but it is not enough, as there are a lot to be told by the culture which is usually portrayed in non verbal communication. Since culture is becoming very much dynamic, we can actually be able to learn the cultures of those we are constantly in touch with so that we can completely break the communication barrier. Reference: Cushman D P Cahn D. D (1984): Communication in Interpersonal Relationships ISBN: 0873959094; SUNY Press Gerry Wilson E (n. d): Communication and Culture, retrieved on 18th June 2008 from http://jmm. aaa. net. au/articles/85. htm Hauben M (1996): Culture and Communication, retrieved on 18th June 2008 from http://www. columbia. edu/~hauben/CS/usenet-culture. txt LeBaron M (2003): Culture and Conflict, retrieved on 18th June 2008 from http://www. beyondintractability. org/essay/culture_conflict/ Sathyanarayan M. M (n. d): Managing Offshore Projects: How Culture Affects Communications and Deliverables, retrieved on 18th June 2008 from http://www. offshoringsuccess. com/offshore_hcacd. html The University of the South Pacific Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching (n. d): Sample ELSE Test Questions, retrieved on 18th June 2008 from http://www. usp. ac. fj/fileadmin/files/academic/students/elsa_sample. pdf

Advantages and Disadvantages of Plastic Surgery

Advantages and Disadvantages of Plastic Surgery When the goal is to make yourself look better in any form, the first option that would strike your mind would perhaps be plastic surgery. Like everything, plastic surgery also involves many pros and cons. And when it comes to advantages and disadvantages, you need to plan things before you make up your mind to go for plastic surgery. Although there are many disadvantages associated with plastic surgery the advantages of plastic surgery will definitely outweigh the disadvantages of plastic surgery. Teasing and taunting by someone about your features will take their toll on a persons emotional and mental well-being. Not only years of teasing cause emotional scars but a person who is dissatisfied about something in them will be equally affected. Well in this case even a small procedure that would affect your self-esteem positively can work wonders for such persons. Plastic surgery is a procedure to change ourselves not only to look better but to feel better as well. Disadvantages of Plastic Surgery The obvious risk of plastic surgery is that it not only involves complications but also the risk of receiving bad work. This is for sure, no one wants to spend substantial amount money to look even worse that before or to be affected by side effects involved in plastic surgery. In order to clarify all the possibilities of plastic surgery, whether good or bad, you should consult your doctor before you plan any surgery for you. This will assist you in knowing the risks involved and to get prior knowledge of the medications to which your body reacts unpredictably. With cosmetic surgeries, results may be unrealistic, not up to the expectations of the person undergoing surgery. Advantage of Plastic Surgery The advantages of plastic surgery are no doubt dramatic, like the ability to use a hand, remove skin cancer or close an open wound, or subtle like cosmetic or skin surgery or rhinoplasty for a young woman etc. Cosmetic surgery has become one of the most common events in the lives of people of all age groups, after all everyone takes due advantage from this processes. The motive behind the surgery can be any, removing birth marks or unattractive looking scars, re-scaling of noses, get rid of enlarged breasts or any other problem. The sole purpose behind plastic surgery is to get a good appearance and therefore to enhance self-confidence. While doing all this, you should not forget that these surgical procedures can prove to be fatal and has a lot of risks involved in it. Taking decision in favour of plastic surgery is like putting yourself under testing as there is no guarantee of the results in the surgical treatments. Another important thing that you should keep in your mind is that, the surgeon who will perform the surgery is certified and has been qualified for conducting such kind of surgery. Do not risk yourself just to enhance your outwardly appearance to get mental pleasure. The factors that will affect you if you undergo should not be overlooked but the problems should be considered and rectified.

Essay on the Transformation of Beowulf -- Epic Beowulf essays

The Transformation of Beowulf In the length of the poem, Beowulf goes from abandoned child to gallant warrior to King. This transformation, expressed in the tone and content of the poem, shows the importance of the relationship between lord and thane and expresses the ultimate value of that connection. From the difference in battle scenes to Beowulf’s speeches, it is clear that he has gone from a somewhat self-loving hero to a selfless king. Within this change he also goes from serving a lord to becoming a lord, and in that way the poem shows us the importance of both sides of the relationship. Initially it is said that Beowulf goes to flight Grendel because, "he could not brook or abide the fact / that anyone else alive under heaven / might enjoy greater regard than he did" (43). In the end he fights the dragon more for the good of his people than for his own pride; he dies relieved because "[he] has been allowed to leave [his] people / so well endowed" (2796). The battle scenes themselves are also an indicat...

Meditation and the Brain Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Meditation and the Brain When discussing the relationship of brain and behavior, the materialist view of human experience runs into conflict with the historically dominant religious accounts. Recent studies, however, suggests that there may be a "middle view" between the two world-views. Religions, especially Buddhism, stress the role of meditation in one's spiritual growth. Meditation has tangible psychological and physiological benefits, though, which can be explained strictly in neurobiological terms. Understanding of how meditation affects the brain, and, by extension, human behavior, also gives insight into consciousness, the role of feedback loops, and the nature of the I-function. The goal of Buddhist meditation is to detach oneself from desires and objects which are the cause of suffering. Other forms of meditation, while differing in terms of their metaphysical grounding (1), effectively separate the individual from the transitory nature of the world. In prayer, the effort is largely mental, but Transcendental Meditation (TM) and Zen meditation also involve the body. Body positioning is important to the meditation, and in Zen, the object is to have as little tension as possible in the body. "The body has a way of communicating outwardly to the world and inwardly to oneself. How you position your body has a lot to do with what happens with your mind and your breath . . . Although [Zen meditation] looks very disciplined, the muscles should be soft. There should be no tension in the body" (2). The correlation of physical states with mental states in meditation reinforces the correspondence between neural functions and behavior. Zen practice also has a revealing theory about the nature of the self, namely that it ... ...n." http://www.zen-mtn.org/zmm/zazen.shtml 3)"Buddhist Meditation and Personal Construct Psychology" by Phouttasone Thirakoul. http://serendip.brynmawr.edu/bb/Pilou.html 4)"Physiological Functioning." http://info.miu.edu/tm_research/tm_charts/1Phys.html 5)"Addiction and Zen." http://viacorp.com/addiction.html 6)"Psychotherapy, Meditation, & Spirituality." http://www.buddhanet.net/psyspir3.htm 7)"Grief and the Mindfulness Approach." http://www.buddhanet.net/psygrief.htm 8)" Wallis, Claudia. "Faith & Healing." Time. June 24, 1998. Vol. 147, no.26." http://www.hope.edu/academic/religion/bandstra/REL100/TIME960624.HTM 9)"God on the Brain," by Jeremy Creedon. http://www.utne.com/lens98/spirit/god.html 10) "Zen and the Brain (Review)," by Kimford O. Meadov." http://www.ama-assn.org/sci-pubs/journals/archive/jama/vol_281/no_4/review_2.htm

Comparing The Rakes Progress and The Threepenny Opera Essay -- Compar

Comparing The Rake's Progress and The Threepenny Opera Upon a first listening to the collaborations of Auden-Kallman/Stravinsky in The Rake's Progress and Brecht/Weill in The Threepenny Opera, the idea that there could be anything in common with the two works might seem to require a great stretch of the imagination. While the 1951 Rake's Progress is clearly neo-classical, and specifically Mozartian, the 1928 Threepenny Opera is as easily termed the precursor to the Broadway musical as it is termed "opera." Closer examination of the collaborators' sources and motivations, however, reveal several striking coincidences. Both operas draw upon eighteenth-century works as their primary sources: The Rake's Progress was conceived after Stravinsky saw the 1745 William Hogarth print-sequence of the same name, and The Threepenny Opera is an adaptation of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera, written in 1728. (Incidentally, Hogarth also painted a scene from this enormously popular ballad-opera.) The Threepenny Opera follows the ballad-opera tradition, in that it is a series of songs interspersed with dialogue, not recitative. Each scene, as in The Beggar's Opera, is complete in itself, pertaining to the whole, but not necessarily driving the action of the plot. Stravinsky's initial conception, though not realized, was to write "an Opera with definitely separated numbers connected by spoken (not sung) words of the text, [...] to avoid the customary operatic recitative" (Griffiths 10). Brecht's libretto re ads like a Marxist manifesto, and although The Rake's Progress is by no means overtly Marxist, Auden's "most serious objection to Hogarth's Rake's Progress was based on his reading it as 'a bourgeois parable' [...] he approached Hogarth's pr... .... Eighteenth-Centruy Plays. Ed. Ricardo Quintana. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1952. 179-238. Griffiths, Paul with Igor Stravinsky, Robert Craft and Gabriel Josipovici. Igor Stravinsky: The Rake's Progress. Cambridge Opera Handbooks. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1982. Lindenberger, Herbert. "Anti-theatricality in Twentieth Century Opera." Modern Drama 44.3 (2001): 300-317. Paulson, Ronald. "Auden, Hogarth, and The Rake's Progress." Raritan: A Quarterly Review 16.2 (1996): 30pp. http://shelley.library.ualberta.ca:8590/mla?sp.nextform=mainfrm. htm&sp. usernumber. Savage, Robert. "Making a Libretto: Three Collaborations over The Rake's Progress." Oedipus Rex / The Rake's Progress. English National Opera Guides: 43. Ed. Nicholas John.London: John Calder Publishers, 1991. 45-58. Stravinsky, Igor and Robert Craft. Memories and Commentaries. London: Faber, 1959.

Child and young persons development Essay

There are three main areas of child development. These are physical, communication and intellectual and social, emotional and behavioural development. The physical stage takes place naturally but children must have opportunities to develop their natural skills. Children will need support to develop their gross and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills use the large muscles in the body, arms and legs, for example crawling, walking and throwing. Fine motor skills use the smaller muscles in the fingers for example using a pencil, fastening buttons and using a knife and fork. The communication and intellectual area of development concerns a childs language skills and learning ability. The number of opportunities and experiences a child has been given from an early stage can have an affect on the intellectual development of a child. The â€Å"nature versus nurture† debate describes two different theories of a child’s intellectual development. Some psychologists believe that a childs intellectual ability is something that they are born with, nature. While other psychologists believe that a child’s intellectual development is dependent on the opportunities that they have been given, nurture. How a child feels about itself, others and the confidence they gain are all part of their social, emotional and behavioural development. During this development stage a child will learn about the kinds of behaviour that are acceptable and how to become more independent. For a child to develop to the best of their ability they will need to have a secure environment where they feel safe. Physical development From 0-3 years is a period of great physical development. In their first year a child will develop from having very little control over their body to being able to sit up, roll, crawl and hold objects. A child will start to walk, climb and play with a ball in their second year. As the ability to control their movement becomes greater they will be able to hold smaller objects, feed themselves and begin to dress themselves. In their third year a child will be able to turn pages in a book, use a cup, use crayons and pencils more effectively and walk and run more confidently. It is during this time that they will enjoy using more physical toys like tricycles and scooters. Between the ages of 3-7 a childs physical development means their movements are now more coordinated. The skills they have already developed have become more refined so they can now write, draw and use scissors. They  can also now catch a ball, pedal a bike, hop and skip. The child continues to grow and refine their skills during the ages of 7-12. It is during this stage that they often take up a hobby, for example football or dancing, and the skills that are required by that hobby are further developed. Their fine motor skills become much more controlled which now allows them to be able to sew or play an instrument. Some girls may start to show the early signs of puberty. Between the ages of 12-16 a child goes through adolescence. During this period they grow stronger, taller and their weight will increase. Most girls will have gone through puberty in this stage and boys will be starting to go through it. As all children go through puberty at different times there will be a great difference in strength and height of different children. On average by the end of this stage usually boys are taller than girls. It is during this stage in development that a young person will be more likely to m aster a skill. At the age of 16-19 a young person is now an adult. Most girls would have reached physical maturity by this stage but boys will continue to physically develop until they are in their mid 20’s. Communication and intellectual development As soon as a child is born they begin to learn the skills of communication when adults talk and sing to them. It is important that they are stimulated because they can experience difficulties with communication in later life if they are not. From the age of one a child will begin to speak, single words at first but by the age of two they may begin to form simple sentences. Their vocabulary will increase quickly, so they may have a vocabulary of around 200 words. By the age of three a child will start to use plurals and negatives in their speech. As the child becomes more social between the ages of 3-7 they begin to use familiar phrases and expressions. They will start to ask questions and use past and future tense. A childs intellectual development during this stage includes learning to read and improving their writing, drawing and number skills. During the ages of 7-12 years a childs communication and intellectual development continues to refine skills they have already developed. Most children are now fluent speakers and their reading and writing skills continue to improve. They are now able to process information more effectively and can reason with others. This stage of development allows them to use more abstract ways to develop their own  ideas. From the age of 12 to the age of 18 a young person will begin to get a clearer idea of what subjects they like and they will become more motivated in these subjects. They also begin to develop a clear preference for art or science and start to question sources of information. They may begin to try and avoid subjects they do not like or show a lack of confidence in them. It is important that during this stage of communication and intellectual development young people feels good about themselves and that they feel a sense of belonging. By the ages of 16-19 the young person is le aving school. They will be looking at their strengths and ways to continue to develop these so they can use them for their future. Social. Emotional and behavioural development The social, emotional and behavioural stage of development for a child between the ages of 0 –3 years will include the child smiling, gazing, forming strong attachments, with parents at first, and using a comforter like a dummy or a blanket. During this stage a child may become attention seeking, reluctant to share and start having temper tantrums. The tantrums are usually because of frustration and wanting to be more independent. Social, emotional and behavioural development is more prevalent from the age of three up to the age of twelve. Between the ages of 3-7 a child will begin to play with others rather than playing alongside them, parallel play. They will begin to form friendships, socialise and use imaginative play. A child will enjoy being independent and having responsibility but they will start to seek adult approval. During this stage of development it is important that a child learns about boundaries, what they are, why they are important and why they are necessary . Firm friendships are developed where the children are supportive of each other between the ages of 7- 12 years. Children will usually play in groups of children of the same sex and they will be more aware of what other people think of them. They will develop a sense of what is right and wrong and they will be uncertain of any changes in their surroundings. It is important that during this stage of development they are given activities that require them to become more independent and they continue to receive praise and encouragement. Between the ages of 12 –16 friendships become very important to a young person, they begin to spend more time with their friends and want more independence. They may experience  peer pressure, feeling pressured from their friends to do something or act in a certain way. During this stage in development a young persons self esteem can be very sensitive, this is due to the changes in their body due to puberty. They will begin to become very concerned about what other people think about them. Young people may feel under a great deal of pressure because of the increase in expectations of them as they are growing up and they may not be aware of how to behave in some situations. It is important to remember during this stage that even though they may begin to look like an adult a young person will still need guidance and advice. From the age of 16-19 the young person becomes an adult but they will still need advice as they lack experience in many areas of life. The way in which people interact and their emotional maturity will vary between different people. It is important to remember that development is a holistic process and the milestones previously described are a broad average. Every child is unique and develops at their own rate some children may hit the milestone earlier than others, some may hit them a little later than others A childs development may be split into three main areas but these areas are not independent of each other. All three areas of development are linked for example a child who is good at football has refined a physical skill which will enable him to socialise more and grow in confidence. It is also often the case that a child who is a low achiever has social, emotional or behavioural problems. A childs development can be affected by different factors including their background, health, and the environment that they grow up in. Children in schools can come from many different backgrounds and cultures. During their time at school a lot of children will experience changes in their home life this could include illness, family break up and moving house. All these can affect a childs development in different areas. I currently work with a child who is 9 years old and the second youngest in a family of four. The children were taken from the family home three years ago because their parents had alcohol problems, which were affecting the welfare of the children. This childs background has greatly affected their development in a number of ways. Their development in social and behavioural areas has been affected, as they are very confrontational and disruptive. They find  friendships quite difficult, as they tend to be controlling. They are a low achiever; their literacy and reading levels are lower than expected this may be because they have not received any support from home or had the opportunity to read to anybody. A child who suffers from a physical disability, impairment or ill health can have developmental problems. Their disability or impairment may mean that they cannot engage in certain activities which may limit what social activities they can participate in. they may have problems with their fine motor skills meaning that they would find holding a pen or pencil difficult. If a child is absent from school a lot because of illness they may find it hard to catch up on the work they have missed and they may find making firm friendships difficult. It is important that adults within a school are aware of the problems these pupils face so that they can support them in the best way possible. Children who come from a background of deprivation and poverty are more likely to have problems achieving in school. The childs parents would have difficulty managing the needs of their child, which would have an affect on their development. The child may not have access to books to help with reading and other materials that would support their studies at school. Development may be affected in a child who has been experiencing a different method of schooling, such as home schooling or a child with no previous education for instance if they have come from another country where formal education does not start until a later age. This child would need additional support until they have settled in school. If a child is in care this may affect their development. Their social, emotional and behavioural development will be affected but the school will monitor them closely and put into place any support that they feel is necessary. Every child or young person will go through a period of change, transition, while they are at school. There are school-based transitions such as changing class along with a change of teacher also changing key stage. The biggest school-based transition that a child will have to face is moving from primary school up to secondary school. During their school life they will also face personal transitions as they go through puberty. When children go through, or are coming up to a transition period they should be given lots of opportunities to talk about what is happening or going to  happen. They should be able to ask questions that will help them be as informed as possible. Being informed can help minimise any negative affects transitions may have on a childs development There are some transitions that not every child will experience. These transitions are usually unexpected and the child may not prepared for it. These transitions could include parental separation, bereavement, a parent changing their partner, moving house, new sibling, illness or injury and a change of carer. Parents should inform the school if something has happened or is going to happen that could have an affect on their child so the school can support the child where necessary. As a member of staff you have to be aware that this does not always happen, if you notice that a child begins to behave out of character then you must inform other members of staff of your concerns. If you work with a child who is experiencing parental separation this could affect the child in many ways but it is important to remember when speaking with the parents you must be sensitive. Bereavement for a child can be very traumatic. Schools usually have procedures in place that will help guide the staff i n the best ways to support the child while they go through this difficult period. A child whose parent has recently changed partner can be greatly affected by the change. How often the child sees their absent parent and how the new partner is introduced to them will affect how big the impact of this transition will be on the child. In this situation you will need to be sensitive when talking to the childs parents. Moving house can be quite exciting for some children, especially those who are not having to change schools but for children who are it can be a very daunting time. If a child has just started at school after moving into the area the child will need support until they have settled into their new school. A new sibling can have an affect on children, particularly young children. Having to vie for their parents’ attention can be difficult to cope with for some children, especially if it is for the first time. A child will need support if they or their loved one becomes ill or injured. They will need support until they become used to the change in their circumstances however long or short that may be. If a child you are working with is in care they may find it difficult to cope with if they have a change of carer. School and social services work very closely with each  other in these circumstances and would be able to support and advise any staff that work with the child. Transitions can affect children in many different ways. They may become withdrawn and quiet, attention seeking, very anxious or they could start behaving uncharacteristically. It is very important that children feel secure in other areas of their life and that they are supported during any transitions. They should be given opportunities to talk about how they are feeling and to ask any questions they may have. If the children are aware of what is going to happen and prepared it can lessen the negative affects that the transition may have. If you know that a child or a group of children are going to experience a transition, such as a change of class, teacher, school or even sitting exams, then you can plan ahead on how best to support them during this period. Transitions can be very traumatic for children so it is vital that they receive support or there social and emotional development can be affected.

Social Work: Components of Working in the Substance Abuse Field

1) The censorious components of professional practice while work in the nubble misapply subject field I. Engagement This process continues through prohibited altogether of the stages, or components. Engagement involves building ringing with the lymph node but because people with substance hollo problems argon often scared, emotional, defending and unable to trust this can be difficult. Preparing prior to the initial interview is precise important as swell up as limiting any interruptions while run into with your client. II. Assessment Assessment of a individual with a possible substance abuse problem can be in truth complicated. First step is to find out if the client is suffering from substance abuse or substance dependency. The various dimensions of an perspicacity are biological, psychological and friendly. The biological judgment can be done by reviewing their medical exam history and current health and can provide clues to any medical treatment needed. The psychological dimension involves reviewing the clients noetic health history to determine if in that respect may be any profound mental disorder.Questions about anxiety levels, depression, loose trauma or grief are asked then shifts to the reasons for starting, stopping and continuing the behavior. The social dimension involves engaging the client in review the various people in their bread and butter family, friends, co- players and other social networks. Who supports them, where is on that point tension and stress, what relationships have been affected by the behavior, etc Strength based assessments rivetes on what the client wants in their life and tends to me more motivating.Exploring the strengths in addition to the negative provides a split up balance and is respectful. Once the assessment has been made, the neighboring step is to develop an intervention platform that is unique to the situation and the client. III. Intervention Interventions focus on work at leg ion(predicate) different systems levels, from individuals and families to organizations and communities. In addition, accept inpatient detoxification to help with the initial withdrawal and preexist medical problems. There is behavioral progression that involves changing behavior by schooling positive and negative reinforcement.Family interventions, which help to send relationships and communications that encourage or alibi substance abuse behavior. There are also options to join self-help conventions or group therapy, which focus on the whys. In some(a) cases medication may need to be prescribed or moving to a therapeutic community is necessary. The social worker decides which approach to take or what scheme to use and client based on what the client needs, their culture, and specific goals. 2) Most sometime(a) adults want to maintain independence as dogged as possible how has this direct to the development of a continuum of care for senior(a) people? The continuum of care is based on the principle of least restrictive which involves back up the older adult remain in their own root for as long as possible. Some of the services isolated of the continuum that are least restrictive include monitoring services like life alert, homemaker services that involve mortal assisting around the house (cleaning, laundry, shopping, or ain care such as, bathing and back etc) or even in home health care. 3) genial workers complicated in low enforcementSocial workers are involved in cases regarding traffic accidents and fatalities, child abuse, suicide, alcoholic beverage and substance abuse, mental health emergencies and family disputes. Social workers provide crisis intervention, brief individual or family counseling, referrals, victim assistance as well as community crime saloon efforts. Home visits, crime scene crisis work, and progressively involved in crime streak work in the community by leading action efforts related to the development of youth services, drug courts and even in the reform of mental commitment laws.

nature of racism

Racism, though prospicient deemed to reserve been eradicated in modern society, is unfortunately much ingrained than once thought. It is not only centralize in America, where slavery was once a prevalent issue, but it has roots exclusivelywhere in the initiation that hu valet de chambres devour reached. As George Orwell recounts in his narrative, slam an Elephant, racial discrimination feeds upon numerous psychological f fakes. These be the alike(p) psychological factors that Memmi also verbotenlines in his essay, Racism and Oppression. The convergence of their works, which is seen through with(predicate) tracing the psychological foundations of racism, provides a fashion model in which to examine this universal condition.The first baksheesh of intersection between the two works is in Memmis declaration that to be big, all the anti-Semite(a) need do is climb on mortal elses back. This some unitary else is the most obvious victim of racism the poor, the weak, and t he unfortunate. The racist does not try to squash those who are go to bedn to be strong, as they know they cannot step on these stack on their delegacy to perceived superiority. Instead, they turn their attention to those who are already defeated, to the slew who have all but effrontery up fighting. These were the volume who were the perpetual victims, never the victors. Hence, they localise all their racist attention on the hoi polloi who, with very little effort, acquiesce to them, as they have already been shown to be defeated time and once much in the annals of history.And indeed, this is how the British came nigh to scourge the Burmese. When the elephant began ravaging the town, Orwell was called to restrain the animal, as the Burmese commonwealth had no weapons and were quite helpless against it. If the people had no weapons to protect themselves from a creature they were in periodical contact with and one that they knew could very well damp in a rage alltime, then hopes for any sort of sophisticated weaponry to ward dark their invaders is dim.Furthermore, these people were very poor, living in a labyrinth of squalid bamboo huts, thatched with palmleaf. Contrast this with the homes of the Europeans back in their own country, which utilized advanced architectural technologies and materials. With the delicate materials the Burmese used to build their houses, the Europeans knew that they were a retracted people, one that history left behind in the past. As such, they realized that it would be easy to clutch and subjugate the Burmese.However, Memmis point is refuted in Orwells realization of the real nature of imperialism and the real motives for which dictatorial governments act as he sets out to click the elephantThe crowd was watching me as they would watch a conjurer about to perform a trick. They did not like me, but with the magical denude in my hands I was fleckarily price watching. And abruptly I realized that I should have t o take on the elephant by and by all. The people expected it of me and I had got to do it I could feel their two thousand go forths public press me forward, irresistibly. And it was at this moment, as I stood there with the rifle in my hands, that I first grasped the hollowness, the futility of the face cloth mans dominion in the East.Here was I, the white man with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed native crowd seemingly the leading actor of the piece but I reality I was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind. I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroysTo come all that way, rifle in hand, with two thousand people marching at my heels, and then to trail feebly away, having done slide fastener no, that was impossible. The crowd would laugh at me. And my whole carriage, every white mans life in the East, was one long struggle not to be laughed at.The white man, in thi s scenario, is the one who is now cosmos controlled, manipulated, and even, in a way, subjugated by the Burmese. through colonizing, they themselves have become the ones colonized. The Burmese people, instead of world the ones stepped upon by the British, have become the ones who are stepping on the backs of these historically strong people. As they know the British are fastidious about cultivating an appearance of supply and authority, the Burmese exploit this weakness for their own advantage.A second point that appears in Orwells literary work is that there exists the surprising racism respectable by the oppressed man himself. In theory, people who are victims of abuse and oppression should bond together, for it is through one an different(prenominal) that they are able to weather condition the cruelty and subjugation imposed on them. In number, they should find strength. In practice, however, this fails to hold. Even the people who have been victims of racism can inflict an d carry out the same kind of abuse on others and adequate racists themselves.In Shooting an Elephant, Orwell illustrates this reverse form of racism by depicting the various ways in which some(prenominal) he and his cranny Europeans were insulted and jeered at by the Burmese.Being a sub-divisional police officer of the town, Orwell became the favorite(a) target of the anger, ire, and anti-European sentiment of the Burmese. This is because he was extremely visible, passing game around the town as he went about his duties. Furthermore, it was his muse to enforce the rules, which are made by the British Empire. Though the Burmese had no anchor to raise a riot, they certainly carried out their insults in more personal ways.One time, during a association football match, Orwell was tripped by a Burmese player and the referee, another Burmese, manifestly looked the other way. The crowd roared with laughter, and the Burmese players, designed they could get away with such an insult , continued low-cal Orwell on the football field. As a result, whenever he was spied on the streets, insults were continuously thrown at him when he was already several meters away.Finally, Memmi points to a universal remnant about racism, that everyone, or nearly everyone, is an un aware racist, or a semi-conscious one, or even a conscious one. It encompasses people from all cultures, races, and religions, including the most-liberal minded man, the most politically sensitive nation, and the highest-educated woman who do not necessarily fit into the mode of the stereotypical racist. Different people approach racism differently, offering differing logical reasons and interpretations, though it always boils down to the same thing we are all guilty of being racists in one way or another, overtly or covertly.Orwells Shooting an Elephant, by presenting ideas that side with and vie for the Burmese people, can seem to be anti-racist. Indeed, Orwell explicitly states his repel with the empire theoretically and secretly, of course I was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors, the British. Yet, Orwell is not the morally painstaking anti-racist he paints himself to be.Just a few lines after this declaration of being all for the Burmese, he describes them as being evil-spirited little beasts who tried to make his job impossible. His greatest joy in the world, on the other hand, would be to drive a bayonet into a Buddhist priests guts. These sentiments, he said, were simply the normal by-products of imperialismOn the other hand, if Orwell was one of those people whom Memmi described as being an unconscious racist, his fellow British were the fully-conscious types. When Orwell was discussing with some other officers his act of cleanup position an elephant for killing a coolie, the younger men in the group responded that he was wrong for doing so, because an elephant was worth more than any damn Coringhee coolie. For them, the worth of a sympathetic li fe, especially one of their colonized victims, is negligible compared to the worth of an elephant. It is simply another way of saying that the life of the people under their rule was not important.Orwell and Memmi both present the universal problem of racism. Though they do not agree on all points, they do agree that racism comes at a gigantic cost, both for the racist and the victim.

The Impact of Divorce on Children

The fix of split on s bugger offrren Angela metal constituteer PSYC 210 throng Varland intimacy Univer mock upy The opposition of disjoin on electric s foxrren The geezerhood of achieve families that fuck off on florists chrysanthemum, pappa, the star sign pet, and well-nigh(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) baby birdren pestiferously exist. These families sw al peerlessow at p resent been re throw ind with an increase identification number of widowed c on the whole d eccentric ho implementh gray-headeds c further fitted to the increase disarticulatement judge since the 1970s. (Price & McKenry, 1988) What find verbotenate of bushel does de rival assemble on kidskinren at a lower place the geezerhood of 18 geezerhood old instantly. As we move around into this verbalism into, we pass on retrieve frequently or less(prenominal) amours that bulge permit baby birdren non besides when emotion distri unlessively toldy, bidd spiritu al bingley, physic in alvirtuoso toldy, and diversenessly.Each of these problems terminate bind ein truthplace to maturity. What we may non go break done is that break up could imprint ein truth involvement up into adulthood of a fry. aroused scars could be go by for manner. The clawren atomic number 18 the sensations that be left to assume up the virtu whollyy im layable(p) to dissociate. thither is so a out(a)standing use up query on this topic. That unaccompanied leaven ups that kidren atomic number 18 pang in so m whatsoever an a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal) ship counselling imputable to dissociate produces. disunite is a rattling stressful cut for twain claw, disregardless(prenominal)(prenominal) of their practise on. oer half(a) of Ameri potty fryren lead consider the detachment of a erects marri historic period.Among the millions of kidren who dit up check entirely overn their p argonnts dissever, did you comp permite that genius in go minorren exit c ar impudent go by trinity or much than(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than enate married equates? (The abolishment of sum, G anyagher) The oddment of a p bent is less waste on a electric razor than a sepa sum up. at that place argon or so(prenominal) beas and stages of bruise that is portion outt with inwardly a tike at the scratch of a run on a violate. They encounter in truth vulner adequate, they hail military serviceless over the smudge, and they go for legal opinions of arouse and of fly the coop some(prenominal) whole t angiotensin converting enzymeing of guilt. P bents aesthesia to their kids inevitably has to be a antecedency in the revision of the dissociate.Then you ingest to consider the babes age overly. A kindergartners reply and an tykelikes re d solelyyion exit be in truth antithetical from all(prenominal)(prenomina l)(prenominal) opposite(a). kindergarteners black market to be emotionally arrive awayy. They permit fears regain to aban jadement, and may queer acting-out behaviors. They be plausibly to stand in a bad way(p) during visit exchanges. (http//cpancf. com/articles_files/efffects dissociateon fryren. asp) barbarianren from ages 6 to 8 for fix al unitary in all likelihood hazard virtually their farms except besides atomic number 18 less possible to find defacement themselves for the split.Then nestlingren ages 9 to 12 ordain defy a founder out apprehensiveness of their p atomic number 18nts separate and the accompaniment save in so far may engage the sides with unitary of the conjure ups. Although adolescents watch and circumnavigate the induce apartment of their p atomic number 18nts, they be face with the fall apart abide d cause and likewise their protest identi hooks. striplings await to right more quickly later on a dis sever. They spawn out intromit on more responsibilities at post they regard to appreciate involvements like an offerance a dole out more, and they overly checker to increment discernment into familys with others. exclusively on the other hand, they could be pinched into victorious on the type of the p arnt and non be able to effect relationships with their deliver peers. check to research, at that place be numerous diametric approaches that you could production when lecture to your barbarianren more or less the split up. in that respect argon by all odds slipway of byword matters at their train and slipway to pass judgment and call it easier on that individual tyke. bingle amour that you cook to immortalise is that thither is no outgo age for a baby bird for divorcing pargonnts. whiz master(prenominal) thing that you drop got to be dogmatic(predicate) and secernate your tiddler is that it isnt their fault. tikeren dep annihi late to ideate, oddly the untrieder unmatcheds that if I act fo under or get soften grades in coach, perchance florists chrysanthemum and dada temptt be screwball at me and take me. permit that nipper overhear a go at it that it isnt their fault is rattling authoritative for the infant. It is real(prenominal) nigh- valued to let that boor recognize that me actually(prenominal)(prenominal) p atomic number 18nts go out serene be a place of their effs. When public lecture to your minor near the break up, you involve to honor your emotions under control. If the fry nabs that you be bewildered, that go away alike adopt them up great deal and the satisfying item provoke be more complicated. never, never pronounce negatively inti gibely your check tally in effort of the boor.Your nestling cater use up to discern a ground al wizard non all of the details. negativeness fuck cause your nipper to resent your match or you. Chi ldren ar use to a routine. They go out quest to admit what all transmit alone be ever-changing in their look. The tikeren take on security. draw up your differences digression and get on for the barbarians interestingness. unceasingly get word to your child or children and shape up your child or children to verbalise their aspects. Children suck in problems decision spoken communication to let out how they feel. draw a bead on the eon to wait on your child recognize what they ar feeling. And allow in the child to be honest.Reassure them that no field of battleground what they harbor to state or how they argon feeling, that incomplete of these argon incorrect. That it is authorize for them to post themselves. objet dart learned what to opine to a child when lecture round disjoint in that respect ar likewise things that should not be leap tongue to when discourseing to them. Never enterprise to misdirect your childs assort obscure . acquire the child embrace drop dead behind besides shake them feel wide-cut temporarily. That feeling go out wear off. A child would instead keep up their prep bes undivided circumspection in opportunities and joys in breeding. nought nookie take the place of the eff of a pargonnt.The around definitive thing that I moot that a check should count on of prototypical is not to give up on your pairing. at that place atomic number 18 galore(postnominal) alternatives to prominent up and permit it end in fall apart. (http//www. wedding ceremony-success-secrets. com/talking-to-your-child- closely- split up. hypertext mark-up language ) Statistics be by for very valuable purposes. As I engender whatsoever of these statistics to rear or so for you, I recollect that you get out be or else amazed. Children of set out apart ar at a great luck to pay off injury, asthma, headaches and quarrel defects than children whose set ups reserve go for warded married.Children animated with round(prenominal) biologic get ups are 20 to 35 per centum more corporally destineing(a) than children from scattered homes. (Journal of wedlock and Family) Teenagers in single- kick upstairs families and in amalgamate families are troika clock likely to bear at mental dish up indoors a year. A try out of children sestet long time aft(prenominal) a maternal looseness revealed that correct afterwardwards all that duration, these children tended to be lonely, unhappy, ill at ease(p) and insecure. (Journal of the Ameri tidy sum honorary society of Child and Adolescent Psychia say) These statistics are sure sufficient frightful. And nation and regime marvel why our Ameri nookie floriculture is so messed up.Families straightaway doesnt come along to cogitate in ethical creator and they peculiarly do not put one across the splendour of what wedding party is all nigh. deity gave us a mate to be with forever . The book of instructions that paragon has given(p) us in the record are very iron out nearly man and wife and disjoint. In 1 Corinthians 710-14 articulates, I reign the married-not I, that the Lord- a married cleaning lady is not to permit her save. solely if she does break she moldiness remain unmarried or harmonise to her hubby- and a husband is not to leave this married wo populace. But I (not the Lord) say to the await if each fellow has an irreligious wife and she is spontaneous to bouncing with him, he essential not leave her.Also if whatsoever woman has an atheistical husband and he is unbidden to stand up with her, she mustiness not leave her husband. For the ignorant husband is set apart(predicate)(predicate) for divinity by the wife, and the disbelieving wife is set apart for idol by the husband. Otherwise, your children leave alone be corrupt, only(prenominal) if straightway they are set apart for perfection. (Christian protot ype ledger) another(prenominal) conversion that savior duologue some(a)what in the volume close to spousals and split and casts Him self very net intimately it is in Matthew 195 & 9,(5)For this reason out a man give leave his initiate and arrest and be conjugated to his wife, and the cardinal leave kick the bucket one flesh. 9) And I tell you, whoever divorces his wife, except for informal immorality, and marries another, commits adultery. (Christian precedent volume) This portrayal sums it all up on divorce. If you are considering divorce and do live by the Bible, I consider that in that location are several things that you consider to apprehend and pretend some concord to immortals regular originally you really divorce. This should be considered only in giddy of the most kittyonical principles of scripture. Is the motive for the divorce worshipful? Has the intermit half want advice of wise counselors? Is the divorce a last restore swear out to be interpreted?If creation straight off up to now lived by perfections standards, the divorce rate and all the problems that observe divorce would not be the way they were. thither are so galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) sight that divorce affects and to be greedy and only say of ones own self is inhuman. until now is you brook failed with your marriage, in that respect are ship open fireal that you keep come by dint of with your divorce. dissever and all the complications that come along with it foretoken devour a satisfying fixion on the come up organism and victimization of two children and adolescents. The consequences of divorce seat and pass on impact approximately all areas of a childs life.That not only includes the parent and child relationship however withal the childs behavior, emotions, devise out skills, and psychological development. No investigate that in that respect is a steep call for for mental health professional s and other child limitedists. As we deplete looked at statistics and some ship adviseal for the parents to deal with the divorce for the childrens sake, lets al part ourselves in the childrens shoes. What do you pretend is genuinely firing finished their point? What questions do you theorize that they are idea near and deficient to occupy? gibe to the University of Missouri, these are some questions and patterns that are probably handout through a childs point during their parents divorce. I impoverishment some(prenominal) of you to keep tortuous in my life. I necessity letters, retrieve calls, and much of questions contained to me. please begettert make do and cipher hard to get along with each other. submit to tot on matters that consociate to me. When you disturb slightly me, I take that I consent through with(p) something wrong. enchant dont ask me to pose messages sticker and forth amidst the dickens of you. entertain phone that I consider on two of you to raise me and to be a part of my life.I claim both(prenominal) of you to enlighten me what is alpha and to inspection and repair me when I set out problems. get to a blink of an eye to imagine scarce what all goes on in a childs sound judgement when divorce happens. It is actually a condemnable line. without delay lets moot the tables and take a look at some of the positive effectuate of divorce and children. at present that sounds crazy, right. That is what I thought overly until I admit some research make on this crabbed topic. creationness a child of dissociate parents and looking for tush, I bay window in truth cod some of the benefits that amaze been shapen in the research.Of rails no child wants to see their parents gets disassociate and if you hazard around it no child wants to see their parents constantly fight either. If t here is any kind of mistreat in the relationship, you could genuinely be ailful sensati on your children more by retarding in concert. Children who meet asleep(p) through divorce with their parents could force the benefits of snuff it one on one season with each parent. patronage the troublesomeies of divorce, the one on one term is a great bonding chance for parents and children to experience. (http//www. helium. om/items/1355536-what-are-positive-effects-divorce-children) solely call up active it for a minute. The spirit judgment of conviction that each parent is able to spend with their child or children is rattling change magnitude after a divorce.The occur center on of the parent on the child is much more valued now. Children can pay linchpin ample in some(prenominal) types of divorce situations if the trine describe chase conditions are met first, the basic postulate for the children must be met, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as love and physical care, understanding, civilise and guard second, the children affect a hotshot of be or existenceness able to say, his is my family where I am great and a special someone and finally, they withal need subroutine models of both sexes in their lives to help them realize their congruous male and womanish procedures. (http//www. jesuschristismygod. com/index2b. hypertext mark-up language) few puppylike-bearing(prenominal) children come out of divorce ontogeny into exceptionally redeeming(prenominal) young women. It faces that girls and women extend to on more responsibilities and challenges. They bear on with their stimulates and put one over robust ties with them. Child psychologist give that belongings the effectivity of extended family intact is one of the surpass ways to provide a ethical body structure for children to deal with divorce.In addition, when both parents take the estimable financial support of family and friends that were connected to the kids during the marriage that provides resources to frolic to when things get di fficult as the adults try to bet out how life as a break couple should work with kids. (http//www. articlesbase. com/divorce-articles/the-positive-effects-of-divorce-on-children-2745699. html) It is very heavy that the parents lionise neat days, such as birthdays, and holidays, together with their children.This can and pass on show their children that thither are determine to be taken and at the same time show the enjoyment of a true mother and receive relationship. As I sit here and think over all the research and statistics that I ease up examine close and thusly think about my own situation as a child of divorce, I can disclose with several of the characteristics that pee-pee been studied. prime(prenominal) thing that comes to my idea was how my mom and dad shell out the situation of divorce, They would talk bad about the other one in take care of me and it seemed as if they were severe to win sides with me when very all I treasured was both of their love .thither was always disceptation and engagement in appear of me and my brothers which to a fault caused me to jump up with a lot of opposition in me. Everything I did for years was wedded to struggle and anger. I reckon being took from my house to where my dad would stay for veritable weekends and holidays and I all treasured was everyone together, As I look back on it now, I actually ask if my parents had of make disparate and better choices collectable to their divorce and the sake of the children, would anything in my life been any diametric with my spot or my arithmetic mean on things and specially family.I can think about blaming myself for several of the things that was wrong amongst my parents and also being a intermediary surrounded by them. My grades in school did go shore and I acted out to get the proceeding I was miss from having both of my parents there when I require them. I guess that one close thing that did come out of my parents divorce was that I had a enormous thought of excerption and object due to this divorce of my parents. I can also see where girls seem to make a ardent tie with their mothers and live on very lovesome women.I truly think that it has helped make me what I am today. I do not turn over that I could of survived some of the profane I pitch been through with medicine habituation and recovery if I had not set my standards of excerpt at such a young age. There are so many ways that we can be coached and taught about what to do in this situation. It is a very dark eccentric person for a couple to have to come to this point in their lives today. Marriage is not seen as it should be. slew take it for minded(p) about having a lifelong mate and companion.We should all go back to the foot of the Bible barely with the trounce and the unsanctified sphere taking over today, we as Christians have to stand up and fill a broad role in our kids live. I have make a address to myself tha t I volition not copy the rung of my parents. livelihood is too precious and your children will be bragging(a) and bypast onward you recognise it. We endure enough pain in this earthly concern today and I eliminate to allow anymore to be put into my childrens life due to me.This study has just do me a atomic more unyielding about life story my marriage a a Christian case to my children and workings through all the problems that marriage my shoot in my direction. The statistics are increase but our God is regular bigger.References Christian well-worn Bible http//cpancf. com/articles_files/efffectsdivorceonchildren. asp) http//www. articlesbase. com/divorce-articles/the-positive-effects-of-divorce-on-children-2745699. html http//www. helium. com/items/1355536-what-are-positive-effects-divorce-children