Operational Management Fields of Hard Rock Cafe Essay

Operation management is an academic field of study that focuses on the effective planning, scheduling, control and use of service firm and their operations as show by the case study of the Hard Rock Cafà ©. The operational management synthesizes concepts that have been produced from all other departments such as quality management, accounting, information systems and inventory among others. To ensure that the company has sustenance in the business, it is always paramount to have operational management strategy. This will ensure that the management of the resources that they have will always be used as required and towards development of the business. There are different strategic levels that are involved in the operation management. Various managers to ensure that the final goals and objectives are met spearhead these levels. Therefore, these levels will be evaluated in the Hard Rock Cafà © to see how well they have met them in conjunction to the way they operate their business. Du ring layout of the operations, strategic managers are supposed to ensure that long time level management strategy is put in 0place to ensure that the business is able to pass the test of time thus expanding to bigger heights. Operational managers in the hotel are supposed to ensure that decisions on their food production service as well as delivery is well planned to ensure that the hotel have consistent service delivery. Process and layout decision of the business, site location as well as the capacity that the business can hold at any given time is part of the strategic management that will be evaluated. In evaluating Hard Rock Cafà ©, various elements will be looked at and how best the business has satisfied them. Therefore, to ensure that it there is exhaustive evaluation, these components will be categorized in the following ways. †¢Increase of hotel Capacity †¢vertical integration †¢Technology used in the business. †¢Recruitment and employees maintenance †¢Expansion strategy †¢Increase in Capacity According to the history that the Hard Rock Cafà © has demonstrated over the years, it vividly shows that it has bigger capacity currently. With its 30 years of existence, it has made it possible to have 100 cafà ©s, three hotels, casinos, live music venues, a huge annual Rock fest concert as wells a rock museum. Due to the capacity that the cafà © enjoys, it is regarded to be among service industry that in US has employed 75% of its population. Its operational management strategy of ensuring that it increases its capacity has made it expand spontaneously throughout the country with 40 locations in different places in US by 1998. This has ensured that it is serving a meal capacity of 100,000 meals on daily basis. Its capacity expansion has seen the then cafà © expand growing to over 106 locations in 38 countries in the world. Through their good capacity growth, the hotel has been named among the top ten-restaurant worldwide enjoying 92% name recognition. Vertical integration According to microeconomics and management this a style that a business sector that adopt. It is especially where by different companies in supply chain is united through a common owner to produce market-specific service to ensure that customer’s needs are satisfied. Through upholding this operational management strategy, the business avoids hold up problem. In the Hard Rock Cafà ©, there are different customers especially tourist who come from different countries. According to their case study, 70% of their customers are tourist from different countries. Therefore taking note of this, they have ensured that different food to ensure that they satisfy their customers. The Cafà © has grown to global arena where they have applied vertical integration strategy through making sure that they have integrated the traditional food of those places to ensure that at the end, they satisfy their customers. According to the statistics, the cafà © has gone to 40 different countries global ly therefore; they had to ensure that they have that vertical integration strategy. Their variety menus that they offer depending with the country they are situated in are like pork, beef and chicken. Other foods are like hamburger, cheeseburger, French fries among many others depending with the demand of their customers. All the sales of the above named food are managed from a central position in t headquarter to ensure diversification of the menu and appropriate change according to the prospected customers. This ensures the business have a very intensive growth now rated among the top ten restaurant in the world. Use of Technology in the business For every business that has a future projection, technology is paramount in their operational management. Failure to uphold technology in the business, their services will eventually turn obsolete. Therefore, to ensure that they increase the speed of the services that they offer to their customers, Hard Rock Cafà © has upheld technology especially the computer technology that is so rampant in the business sector. This is to ensure that they increase the efficiency of their business, reducing procurement cost as they operate globally as well as multitasking. This makes them to ensure that they have increased the productivity of the company. According to the business case study, it shows that the heart of the sale forecasting of the business is the point-of-sale system (POS). This system helps the business to capture data of the transaction that have been done in the cafà ©. The system give the business the ability to estimate the number of the customers who visit their business as e very entry represent one customer. This is very helpful in putting production and expansion strategy. The method is quick and efficient with low cost involved. The data that is capture is transferred to the main offices in Orlando corporate database. This is where the process f0orecast is done through evaluation o the data capture on daily basis. This ensures the business is capable of maintaining sustainable services to the customers thus satisfying their customers’ needs. Due to the appropriate use of the technology, the financial team that is lead by Lindsey is able to forecast guest count, retail sales, concert sales and banquet sales of each cafà © per month. This lead to appropriate operational management. In the act of holding the technology, the business has done well in this service sector. They have introduced a sophisticated application of statistics in the menu planning. They have used multiple regression method through the appropriate usage of computer that help s in computing the impact of demand of one meal to other menu whenever the price has been changed. Therefore, this help them to plan well incase of price change especially to the supplementary menus. This helps the business to capitalize in this strategy to increase their sales. Workforce of the business Any business idea can be driven to accomplish bigger things in the business arena or be guided to a terrible failure by the kind of the employees that are employed. Through deployment of competent employees and ensuring that their morale is kept high through incentives, the goals of the business are easily achieved. This is because they know what to do and how to it better. According to most of the human resource managers, they regard employees as the most important resource in the business. Therefore, they needed to be appreciated and be held with utmost respect. They need to be reward through monetary and non-monetary programs to ensure that they deliver according to the required level. Hard Rock Cafà © is not an exceptional. According to their operational management strategy, recruitment and maintenance of the employees in the company has been their core value. They are out to create a good working environment for their employees to ensure that the culture that they have created is sustained. According to them, they accept and nurture creativity, diversi ty and individuality of each employee to ensure that they employees are given freedom to explore their diversity. This environment according to corporate training manager, it creates a working environment of the company beyond paycheck creating new challenge on daily basis. This is helpful to the employees as it increases their production. The business ensures that it gets the best employee in the initial stage that ensures that he/she is easily integrated to their culture. A new applicant is screened in different aspects that will make them be easily integrated in the business operation. They look for a highly motivated, bright, positive altitude individual who have an employee bill of rights and substantial employment empowerment. Through a proper recruitment process, they have ensured that they are able to maintain a low labor turnover. Employees are subjected to training to ensure that they are competent in their functioning. Everyone who go to work in the Cafà ©, they get Rock 101 which is a two day training class. This enables them to be integrated in the working team much faster. The work force of the Hard Rock Cafà © is offered a good package of reward among other incentives. There are offered overtime allowances and benefits for those who work for overtime. They offer internal training to individuals as well as high-level internal promotion that make the employees production to be always high. According to the company, 60% of the managers in the cafà ©, they are promoted from hour working ranks. Expansion strategy The main aim of al the business is to make profit. Otherwise, this can be well demonstrated through their idea of expansion. This means that, they are capable of meeting other basics needs of the company as well as getting more resources to compete with others in different arenas. Expansion of a business is of different nature. This ranges from the variety of the products that they offer on daily basis, opening of new branches as well as recruitment of more employees in the business capacity. According to Hard Rock Cafà ©, the business has embraced this operational management strategy through carefully choosing a new location whenever the expansion is to be upheld. They ensure that they make a good and a careful decision making process to ensure that the investment that has to be placed in it meet a long time investment strategy. To ensure that their expansion strategy does not go in vain, they ensure that they are sensitive on those factors that may be a setback to their investment s. Such factors are political risk, social norms of that location, social cost, currency risk, brand fit and business practices. The business uses global operation strategy, which is a multi domestic strategy. They tat time engage in the franchise as way of acquiring business firm ground in the new location. This also ensure that they are capable of local ownership of the business bring about unique capability therefore decreasing difficulties in the implementation of their goals. Operations management challenges of Hard Rock Cafà © in considering an expansion of its business into Hanoi All the business that has an objec5tive of doing their business across the boundaries of their country encounters several challenges. Hard Rock Cafà © is not an exceptional as it has been hit by different challenges across the globe. In considering its expansion in Hanoi Vietnam, it should be well prepared because according to different market survey done in that country shows that, though the town is developing at an alarming rate, it poses different challenges to especially foreign business. Some of the challenges that are likely to be encountered by the business are discussed below. Infrastructure Despite of the town being the capital city of Vietnam, it is far from establishing good infrastructure to cater for the business that is done in the town. Poor transport facilities are conspicuous making transportation of goods as well as services to be expensive and difficult. Hard Hotel especially will experience this challenge, as its customers are mostly tourist who may require good transport facilities. The communication facilities have not grown better as compared to most of other towns like Hong Kong in Japan. This makes the business that requires intensive communication to ensure that they operate their business like Hard Rock Cafà © to be threatened to use more of its resources in communication facilities making their initial cost of starting the business in Hanoi be very high. Calamities Vietnam is a country that is prone to such calamities as earthquake of high magnitude. Such calamities cannot be predicted making most of the business in towns like Hanoi to always be at risk. Therefore, if the Hard Rock Cafà © is ready to open a business in this place, they should have to anticipate the cause of loss that might be severally caused by this calamity. They may have to do lots of investment in insuring their business against such calamities that means higher operation cost. Government policies The cost of doing business in Hanoi poses great challenge that come about with the policies that the business has to encounter from the government of Vietnam. The tax imposition is high especially to foreigners making them to operate at high prices thus low turn over. There is a lot of problem regarding the laws governing the start of the business making it take a lot of time to start it. This may put off the business at the initial stage thus loss incurred. Therefore, the Cafà © require having a long focus in the start of the business, which is still expensive in terms of time, resources and money. To get finance from the government is tedious and regulated so much. This will make the business to come prepared to virtually finance solely from their own cash. This may be a little bit disadvantageous to the business as it may require some more financing from the government in the end. Discrimination According to the research that was done in the town, most of the business from the foreign countries succumb discrimination from the residence. This through the language barrier as well as not preferring to buy from their business. Though this has been declining with time, it has been in limelight for a while making the business loss considerably compared to the homegrown businesses. Therefore, the Hard Rock Cafà © should be prepared to form a strategic plan to counter that. Competition Due to the globalization, most of the business is taking the advantage of getting to the developing countries. According to PriceWaterHouse Coopers, Hanoi has been rated among the towns that are growing very fast in terms of population t0owards 2015. There is also projection of building of another airport in the town before 2015 to add to the one that is in the town. This will make the town to be very accessible from all over the country. Therefore, this has made much business including Hotel services business to flock in the town. This makes such business as Hard Rock Cafà © to be prepared for stiff competition that may pose danger to the expansion of the business in the town. This will require them to get good strategy to cope up with the competition Cultural practices and ethics The services that Hard Rock Cafà © offers are surrounded by culture and ethics of each community. Therefore, this is an anticipated challenge that the hotel will have to face in the country. With most of the population being Buddhist in religion taking a share of 92%, the hotel should ensure that they do good analysis of the service that they require in terms of food, music and other services. They have to ensure that they are able to integrate these cultures with other to create acceptance. Opportunities for Hard Rock when considering an expansion of its business into Hanoi Finances Due to the position that the business has, it is capable of overcoming the disadvantage that most of the competitor are experiencing due to finance. It has been operating for a long time therefore, having the advantage of strong finance hold that can be able to sustain it until the business that it will open in Hanoi gets a good ground. This will make it more competitive in such a fast developing place and taking that advantage to propel to greater height. Experienced personnel As the Hard Rock has been in other international markets, most of these problems has been solved else where by its personnel. Therefore, by the personnel, that it recruits who are diverse and very flexible in their way of working, they are capable of solving different issues concerning the business and strategizing for further growth in all the countries including Vietnam. Integrated services The business offers integrated services that most of its competitors do not offer. A part from food and services, they offer entertainment such as music. Due to cultural diversification of the town, there are always parties and celebrations at different times over the years. The town has a good number of Christians, Islam, and Buddhist among other religions who have different celebrations according to their culture in different time of the year. This makes the market a favorable place for the Hard Rock Cafà © to use its integrated services to especially make their business be accepted in this place by the residence. This is through involving all the cultural and religion values through music and interrelation events in their cafà ©. Growth of the town The population of this town in 2004 was rated to be about 4 million people. However, after six years, the population has grown past six million with anticipation with more. This means cheap labor will be available for the business as well as great market for their products. The building of another airport in the town will increase the ease of transport and hence reduce cost. It will also offer an additional terminal for the tourist to the town. This will be a great boost to Hard Rock Cafà ©. Conclusion Hard Rock Cafà © has established itself as a competing business in the international arena. This has made it to go all over the world at be chosen among the top ten restaurant worldwide. Therefore, through its objective human resource and good organizations structure as well as highly rated personnel, it is likely to be one business to watch in the service providing industry in the near future.

Vacation Spots

Vacation Spots Vacation in paradise is the most important event in one’s life and every place in the world, people find a glorious space where a family can bond and enjoy the time that they have being together. A family is given two vacation spots to choose, Destin, Florida which is local and the other is Palma Resort which is in Surigao, Philippines. Both vacation spots have similarities, the family will face a lot of challenges vacationing outside the United States rather than vacationing locally.One important difference in vacationing between Destin, Florida and Palma Resort is the venue or location. Vacationing in Destin, Florida requires on a family to drive and a choice to fly to reach their destination while going to Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines, and a family can go there by flying and no other way is available. The family also will be safe to venture around the city while vacationing locally while in Palma Resort the family is only safe if they stay within the bo undaries of the resort otherwise safety is at your own risk.Another difference between vacationing locally in Destin, Florida and Palma Resort is the cost that will come up. Vacationing in Destin, Florida, the cost would be minimal and affordable among middle class family. The family can also use their own car to travel to reach their Kwong 2 destination and this would save a lot on a budgeted vacation. Travel tax is not imposed while vacationing locally. On the other hand vacationing outside the United States in Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines will incur a higher cost in airfare.It will cost a family of five at least $10,000 just to purchase airfare to the Philippines and this does include the fare to go the resort which is estimated between $1,500 to $2,000 per family of five (5), travel tax is imposed by the airport authorities since the family is just visiting a foreign country. The family has to rent a car or a van to venture out of the resort because there is no public tran sportation available around those areas which is another cost to account for.Vacationing in Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines can be very expensive and will have to face the hustle of transferring from one airport to another to reach their vacation spot. The time alone to travel will take its toll on the family which is 19 hours of flight time from the United States to the Philippine and another 2 hours of flight time to reach the island while vacationing locally the family would normally spend 14 hours of drive time or 3 hours of flight time one or the other. Also the expectation of what kind of food or dishes being served can also be a factor, dining or having lunch outside the U.S. can be an experience the family would never forget. Destin, Florida and Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines is two of the best vacation spots a family would possibly go. It is up to the family and their budgets where they want to go, if they prefer to save, then they should choose Destin, Florida and i f they could afford to spend extravagantly then it is recommended that they choose Palma Resort, Surigao, Philippines because they would enjoy the fun and adventure the place would provide and the experience of having authentic dishes being served and the hospitality of local people would show to them.Kwong 3 Vacation Spots Thesis: Both vacation spots are amazing, but staying within the borders of the United States is better than dealing with international complications I. Venue A. Destin 1. Can be driven to 2. Within United States border 3. Safe to venture B. Surigao, Philippines 1. Have to fly 2. Outside the United States-SW Asia 3. Safe within the boundaries of the resort but not outside. II. Cost A. Destin 1. Affordable for family vacation 2. Usage of family car 3.Travel tax not imposed B. Surigao, Philippines 1. High Cost 2. Rental Car or Van 3. Travel Tax imposed Kwong 4 III. Travel Time/Food A. Destin 1. It takes 14 hours drive time 2. Dishes are familiar/American Food 3. Fam iliar Hospitality B. Surigao, Philippines 1. It takes 19 hours fly time to reach the Philippines and another 2 hours fly time to reach Island and additional 2 hours drive time to destination. 2. Native Dishes/Filipino dishes 3. Unfamiliar hospitality or customs.

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Night by Elie Wiesel Essay Example for Free

Night by Elie Wiesel Essay Tupac Shakur, was a famous American rapper and actor that once said, â€Å"Death is not the greatest loss in life. The greatest loss is what dies inside while still alive. Never surrender.† Holocaust survivor and the author of Night, Elie Wiesel, seems to say the same as Mr. Shakur, that life is more miserable when one feels that void while being alive rather than being dead. In his memoir, Elie reveals his story when Hitler came into power with the Nazis and put all the â€Å"undesirables† through their most horrible times ever. When Elie loses his faith in God, faith in his people, and the role of a son, it eventually leads to his metaphorical deaths. Elie Wiesel failed to keep his faith in his religion due to the Holocaust. Without question, before he was sent to the concentration camps he was extremely passionate while praying to God. Previous to when the Nazis came into power, in Sighet, Transylvania, Elie compared being able to live and breathe to praying as a necessity (4). Something as significant and involuntary as breathing was no more important to Elie than praising God day and night. For Elie, praying is a natural act; he does not think about praying, he just does it. Unfortunately, Elie began defying his beliefs and questioning God’s power. When the inmates gathered to pray for Rosh Hashanah on the Appelplatz of Buna, Elie protested, â€Å"Why, but why would I bless Him? Every fiber in me rebelled† (67). He was tired of God’s silence and got frustrated how God had not helped to prevent all the chaos that was happening. Overall, Elie was once a religious boy who gave up on his beliefs. Elie sees his fellow inmates harass each other for the sake of their own survival, which ultimately leads him to lose his faith in humankind. Undeniably, he once believed in the power and unity of the Jewish people. After being sent to the small ghetto in the cattle car to Birkenau, Auschwitz, Mrs. Schà ¤chter was hallucinating, yet the other passengers were sympathetic and tried to soothe her (25). Because the others still had their humanity, they still attempted to reason or reassure with the mad woman. Everyone in the convoy was still a community and acted as one; they knew they still had to help each other, not just themselves. However, the feeling that it was every man for himself suddenly showed. In the wagon, on the way to Buchenwald, Elie referred to a heart-breaking moment in his memoir, â€Å"Stunned by the blows, the old man was crying: ‘Meir, my little Meir! Don’t you recognize me†¦Ã‚  You’re killing your father†¦ I have bread†¦ for you too†¦ for you too†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (101). Because of a plain, yet lifesaving ration of bread, the boy was willing to betray his dad. Elie sees the disgust and dehumanizing that had been caused because of the harsh conditions for survival. Therefore, Elie who had faith in his community lost confidence when he saw what wild animals they had become. Elie could not be a dependent child anymore, for he had lost the role of being a son. Naturally, he relied on Shlomo, his father, before living in the camps. During the first selection in Birkenau, he only thought of holding on to his dad so he would not be left alone with no one else from his family (30). His sisters and mother were all sent to the right, most likely the crematorium, and him and Mr. Wiesel directed to the right; safe, having only each other, they would have to work together. At the time, Elie could not imagine what he would do without Mr. Wiesel and had to cling onto Shlomo for protection from the brutality of the concentration camps. As time went by, Elie started to have responsibility for both his and Mr. Wiesel’s security. Right when the two men arrived at the entrance of Buchenwald, Shlomo moaned, â€Å"‘Don’t yell my son†¦ Have pity on your old father†¦ Let me rest here†¦ a little I beg of you, I’m so tired†¦ no more strength†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ He had become childlike: weak frightened, vulnerable. â€Å"‘Father,’ I said, ‘you cannot stay here’† (105). Shlomo wanted to die in his sleep in the snow, but Elie kept yelling at him to keep living. This proves that Mr. Wiesel did become a child and his son had become a man, trying to convince his father, like a toddler, to listen to him. To conclude, Elie entered manhood from being a helpless child. In other words, Elie lost the commitment to God, proudness in mankind, and reliance. Because he felt that God did not care for his people anymore, he objected to praise Him. The inhumane behavior of the prisoners and guards led Elie to lose faith in them. Since he could not depend on Shlomo anymore, he had to take on the responsibility to survive. As Mr. Shakur said, Elie did feel as if he died through the events of the concentration camps, but did not forfeit to death. Elie Wiesel wrote this memoir to bring awareness of the genocide in the Holocaust and that humans shall never let it happen again.

Romantic Poetry Essay Example for Free

Romantic Poetry Essay Romanticism was an artistic movement that originated in the late 18th century. It helped people express strong emotions and rebel against the industrial revolution in Britain. This caused poor living conditions and unhappiness among the people at the time. People therefore, looked to nature for beauty and improvement in society. Another factor that contributed to the development of this movement was the French Revolution, which celebrated individualism and freedom of expression. Romantic poetry was concerned with ordinary people in everyday locations, therefore the majority of society could relate to it. It focused on imagination, and relates to the Power of God, and philosophy. The poets were able to catch a moment in time and elaborate on it with imaginative words and phrases. Of the several poems I have studied, the two Romantic poems I have chosen to represent a typical Romantic style are, The Daffodils by William Wordsworth and I am by John Clare. Firstly, I will look at the titles of the poems. In both poems the writer has used a simple title, indicating directly what the poem is about. This enables a larger audience to be engaged to the poem, as less literate people could find the title easier to understand. Both poems are mostly similar because of their links to the Romantic genre, in their theme and style although still continue to have an individual account. William Wordsworth and John Clare both focus on their emotions and solitude, John Clare, And een the dearest-that I loved the best-Are strange-nay, rather stranger than the rest and William Wordsworth, I wandered lonely as a cloud. The theme of William Wordsworths The Daffodils focuses on nature and his recognition of a moment in time. He uses the Power of imagination and memories to project his thoughts onto paper through poetry, we see this in his language and mood. His theme is as a result, cheerful and full of life. He also celebrates the beauty of nature and what man can gain from it. The theme of John Clares I am focuses on himself and memories of past deeds. He takes another perspective on the typical Romantic poetry theme, he talks of, nothingness of scorn and noise, and a memory lost. he creates a sad, lonely tone with this. The mood is therefore different to The Daffodils as I get the impression that Clare is talking about the oppression at the time of its writing. The first two stanzas describe his lonely and depressed situation. He describes that even in a world surrounded by people, he still feels isolated and alone, as if he hates the world he lives in and wishes for something uncontaminated by mans corruption, I long for scenes where man has never trod. He uses words such as oblivious and oblivion to describe the emptiness he feels. I will now look at the language and style of the two poems. Both poems have simple language, which as the titles accomplish, make the poem more available to a less literate lower class reader. The rhyme schemes are regular throughout the poems, The Daffodils, ABABCC and I am, ABABBB. The punctuation is also similar, as they both create a slow pace by using a small amount of punctuation. The Daffodils has eight syllables in each line, whereas I am does not have a precise amount. The Daffodils uses similes, as a cloud and as the stars that shine. by using these he enables the reader to compare what he sees to something they see. In his language he uses onomatopoeia, such as fluttering and twinkle, this enables the reader to almost hear the sounds as they are reading the words. He also uses personification; this makes the flowers seem to be. He also uses words such as, jocund company and continuous as the stars that shine. This relates to his everlasting memory of these beautiful daffodils that no one can take away from him. The two poems have different structures; The Daffodils has four sestet stanzas and I am has three sestet stanzas, John Clare uses enjambment, making the first and second verse flow into each other. In his last stanza he wishes to go to an untouched place, were man has never trod. He wishes for beauty and tranquillity not for what he sees in the world at that moment in time. He uses a metaphor, But the vast shipwreck of my lifes, this lets the reader picture how troubled he is in this world and wishes for a better place.

Industrial Training At Malaysian Agriculture Research Commerce Essay

Industrial Training At Malaysian Agriculture Research Commerce Essay This report briefly summarizes throughout my industrial training at Malaysian Agriculture Research and Development Institute Kuala Terengganu. The industrial training period began from 25th June 2012 until 16th August 2012 under the Department of Promotion and Technology Development. The objectives of this report are to provide details information about MARDI and its function especially for this MARDI Kuala Terengganu station. The briefing of tasks and activities throughout the training, challenges and solutions, knowledge and skills required, and as the training to expose student to the real workplace environment. This report also covers some of the activities and tasks during my training period there. The activities included in this report are specifically focus on the food processing and the technology, projects with entrepreneurs, the renovation and upgrade the Technology Information Center and also the still ongoing research on use of GenKimo fertilizer on hybrid sweet corn crops. The challenges such as given a task within constraints of time, less skills in operating the machine and less experience in food processing were had been solved. Some of the valuable experiences that I gained are on time management, communication skills, teamwork, food processing processes and creative thinking. TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Industrial training program is one of the elective courses which are the most chosen by students to make up their credit hours of kuliyyah in order for them to complete their undergraduate studies. Industrial training is an important program because it will provide the students with academic and professional education in their courses. With practical working experience the students will enhance their skill and capability hence they are exposed to the world of employment. Therefore, this report is prepared in order to fulfill the requirement of this training in order to know what the students actually do and get during their industrial training period. The objectives of this industrial training are to expose the students to the actual working environment, to enhance and supplement the knowledge and skills of the students, to develop the students in term of ability, competence and interpersonal relationship, to expose and familiarize the students to rules and regulations including safety, to develop the spirit of team work among the students and other working group members, and to assess the ability and competence of the students in preparing themselves to join the workforce upon the completion of their study This report is briefly summarizes and covers all the details information about this institute, the activities, the tasks and functions that have been done and also the product or services provided by the institute and throughout my industrial training for the eight weeks starting from 25th June 2012 until 16th August 2012 under the Department of Promotion and Technology Development in MARDI Kuala Terengganu. Malaysia Agriculture Research and Development Institute (MARDI) Kuala Terengganu is the main station in Terengganu state. It plays an important role as the references center for all parties especially for entrepreneurs in improving and establishing their products. Besides, this station also involved in the development of food processing technology based on fish and active in giving advice, producing new products, providing modern technology in food processing and monitoring and help the entrepreneurs market their products. The activities done in this station such, organize the development programs of IKS in agriculture and farming industry, activities connect industry with department, agency and industry parties that involve in process of technology transferring and innovation technology, training entrepreneurs through the test-bed technology facilities for fish-based products, execute activities related to development and transferring of technology to the target group especially public sector and small farmer, and do research in technology processing for fish-based products. As an industrial trainings student, I was asking to involve and follow the activities done by the station and at the same time gain knowledge while working on with the entrepreneurs. In addition, I also involve in the new research project of MARDI in testing the effectiveness of GenKimo fertilizer on hybrid sweet corn and also helping renovate and upgrade the Technology Information Center of the station. Thus, from all the activities and tasks given and done, I get a lot of knowledge about MARDI itself, the food processing technology, the machine operation, and learn how MARDI help the entrepreneur in marketing their products. ESTABLISHMENT AND BACKGROUND OF MARDI Introduction MARDI (Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute) is a statutory body known as the Agricultural Research Institute of Malaysia to carry out research work in agriculture, food, and agro-based. The MARDI research efforts have generated many new varieties and clones of plants, animal breeds and management systems, as well as the latest technology and post-harvest food processing have been developed for horticultural and livestock products. In addition to carrying out contract research and development (R D) projects, MARDI also provides technical and entrepreneurial development in food technology, agriculture and other fields related to the industry. The technical services provided in the form of advice, consultancy, technical training, laboratory services and quality assurance analysis, processing and product development and technology up-scaling. Establishment and background MARDI was established with the primary objective of generating and promoting new technology, appropriate and efficient for the development of food industry, agriculture and agro-based industries. MARDI Act 1969 has led to the establishment of MARDI on October 28, 1969. MARDI was fully operational in 1971. MARDI managed and driven in accordance with policies and regulations of the Board of Governors decided with the concurrence of Mardi Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. For financial matters, the Minister of Finance is also required. MARDI Scientific Council will ensure that the technical program MARDI level of quality and maximum effectiveness. Functions To conduct research in the scientific, technical, economic, and social construction of the production, use and processing of crops, livestock and food. To serve as a center for collecting and disseminating information and advisory services relating to matters of scientific, technical and food-related economic, agricultural and agro-based industries. To serve as a center providing specialist services in food, agriculture and agro-based. Provides for various types of training to meet the development needs of food, agriculture and agro-based. Assistance grants allocated for pure research and applied scientific, technical, and economic and development related to food, agriculture and agro-based industries. To maintain liaison or statutory body with public and private organizations as well as foreigners who are involved in scientific research, technical, economic and social issues related to food, agriculture and agro-based. To conduct research and commercial production. To develop, promote and exploit the research results. To serve the agricultural industry, food and agriculture based. Achievements Amendments to MARDI Act (1990) which allowing MARDI to be involved in commercialization activities and subsequently ensued by the establishment of MARDITech Corporation Sdn. Bhd. (1992). The Act was further amended (2002). Yielding MARDIs certification with ISO 9001:1994 for quality management (1998) and ISO quality cap was earned when MARDIs analytical laboratory was accredited with MS ISO/EC 17025 (2001), followed by MARDI being MS ISO 9001:2000 (2004). Establishment of MARDIs Test-Beds and incubators (2005). Embracing of K-management as an operational culture (2005). MARDI organizational restructuring (1st February 2002). Establishment of additional research stations including in Sabah and Sarawak, based on agro-climatic zones and also in Mali and Malawi in Africa. International recognition through collaborative networking with research organizations and universities in USA, Canada, Japan, Australia, Taiwan, China, ASEAN, and EU countries. Vision To be a world-renowned RD organization in food, agriculture and bio-based industries by 2015. Mission To create, innovate, transfer and apply knowledge, competencies and services to transform the national food, agriculture and bio-based industries towards increased commercialization and competitiveness. Customer Charter MARDI determined to produce appropriate technology, sustainable and viable and provide technology leadership to customers involved in the development of food and agriculture sector with dedication and professionalism. To achieve this, Mardi constantly strive to satisfy our customers by: Produce 40 year technology with the potential for increased scale, pioneer or commercialized for the benefit of the food, agriculture and related industries. Improving the performance of the target groups through the use of technology Providing services related to the development of quality food and agriculture sector and accredited based on international standards. Provide customer feedback on the status of application advice, information, training and expertise in technology-based Mardi within seven working days. Manage the payment for supplies and services within 14 days from the date of receipt of complete documents from the supplier. MARDI Quality Policy MARDI is committed to: Develop and promote appropriate and viable technology for customers in the food industry, agriculture and agro-based industries Comply with the requirements of quality management system and continually improve Once a year review objectives and quality policy at Management Review Meetings to ensure continuing suitability Disseminate this quality policy to all responsibility center (RC) in MARDI and displays them in Mardi intranet site. MARDI KUALA TERENGGANU Industry Profile There are four MARDIs stations in Terengganu which are: Kuala Terengganu MARDI station Jerangau MARDI station Kemaman MARDI station Besut MARDI station MARDI Kuala Terengganu in Manir began operating in 1990, it is formerly known as the Seri Culture MARDI Research Station Kuala Terengganu. This station research and operation is mainly under food processing and technology fish-based products. In 2000, fish processing station of Department of Food Technology MARDI at Jalan Balik Bukit, Kuala Terengganu had been transferred its operation to Kuala Terengganu MARDI station. Kuala Terengganu MARDI station is located 10km from Kuala Terengganu via Kuala Terengganu-Kelantan road and near to Pekan Manir. The main objectives of the establishment of this station are to support any activities of transferring and commercialization of technologies also research and innovation of technologies related to fish-based products. Besides, it also responsible to provide the infrastructure and supporting services to any transferring of technologies and study also expansion of income by optimizing the usage of natural resources. In addition, the main activities at this station are under the Food Technology Center, Promotion and Technology Development Center and Station Management Center. These three central undergo different researches and functions such the functions of Food Technology Center are do the research to produce new technology especially in the field of after-pharming and processing of fisheries products, provide technical training for food and agriculture entrepreneurs and staff of government departments and agencies, and provide advice to entrepreneurs. The function of Promotion and Technology Development Center is to promote activities, technology transfer and commercialization that has been produced by MARDI while the Station Management Center function is to manage all the activities of all four Terengganu MARDI stations and manage the administration systems. Functions of MARDI Kuala Terengganu station Promotion activities, transferring technology and commercialization that has been produced for the eastern MARDI using mechanization: Seminar, forum and industry dialog Exposure to mass media and publications Technical training Technical services Development of SMEs entrepreneurs Technology incubator services Support station by doing research on food technology especially development of fisheries products. Do research about food technology to formulate new technologies especially in the field of handling the harvest and processing of fisheries products. Supply the technical training for food and agriculture entrepreneurs to government employees and agencies. Provide the analysis service laboratory to do research for food industry. Placement staff to perform functions on technology transfer, research, management and administration. PROMOTION AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CENTER (MARDI KUALA TERENGGANU) Objectives To develop a technology transfer system can improve efficiency and effectiveness of technology innovation and commercialization of Mardi Increase and accelerate the use of technology among small farmers and traditional producers of agricultural products. To develop small and medium entrepreneurs (SMEs) in technology-based agricultural production and agro-based products. To introduce the new technology that provides Test-Bed food processing facilities and products for entrepreneurs. Programs Entrepreneur Development Program Entrepreneur Support Services Entrepreneur Guidance Service Adoption Scheme Special Projects of Entrepreneur Development Industry Liaison Program Technology promotion Technology Forum Industry Information Development and Technology Transfer Program Technology Development Technology Transfer Publishing Technology Test-Bed Technology System Test-bed technology system MARDI is one of the forms of support organized under the Entrepreneur Development Program. This system aims to improve the success of the small and medium enterprise in the production of food products through the use of technology. It was launched and opened up on 7th June 2012 by Y. Bhg Dato Mohd Hashim bin Abdullah, Chief Secretary Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-Based Industry. The two main functions of this system are processing laboratory equipped with machinery, equipment and small-scale production facility for selected food products and stimulate technology innovation process among entrepreneurs who want to expand and improve the quality and competitiveness of products in the market. Services Offered in Test-Bed Production technology Handling machine and equipment Formulation and use of appropriate materials Packaging, designing, labeling and presenting of products Quality assessment and product analysis GMP and HACCP certificate Supporting technology Innovation DESCRIPTION OF TASKS AND ACTIVITIES Production of Keropok Lekor Overview: Some call them fish fritters, fish sausages or fish sticks but in Terengganu, they are called keropok. All districts produce their own keropok but the famous ones are none better than those found in Kampong Losong in Kuala Terengganu. Keropok lekor are actually made from processed fish meat mixed with salt and sagoo flour. This mixture is then rolled into sausage shaped around 6 to 10 inches long and immediately cooked. It is a great afternoon snack normally dipped in Terengganus equally famous chili sauce. They are made up of fish, flour and other ingredients. For Keropok Lekor, you can eat it in two ways. Deep fried or boiled. If you dont really like the fishy smell, then better to take the deep fried as sometime the boiled one will have some fishy smell, especially when they are no longer hot. Ingredients: Selayang meat Tamban meat Sagoo flour Sugar Salt Ajinomoto flavor Ice Methods: Minch the fish meats in surimi blocks cutting machine. Add some ice cubes and continue mincing the fish meat. Add sago flour and water. The mixture is stirred until it becomes soft dough in cross mixer machine. The mixture is made into a cylindrical shape by forming machine. Boil the water in versatile cookware. Add in one or two knotted pandan leaves. Drop the keropok lekor into the boiling water for about 30-35 minutes. Wait for it to cool before keep in freezer for storage and also can be eaten like that without fry. Notes: By using several machines in the processing, the making of keropok lekor become easier compared to traditional hand method. Besides, the shape of the keropok lekor looks nice and uniform. Production of Modern Frozen Sata and Otak-otak Overview: Sata is a concoction of fish meat with shallot and ginger paste, bask in coconut milk, are wrapped in banana leaf, folded into a shape of a cone, and stuck on the bamboo stick and barbequed over a low charcoal fire. Most famous are the sata from Kuala Kemaman. Through word of mouth, the place is flocked by locals as well as visitors from other states to get a taste of this delicious delicacy complete with coconut drinks. The stalls are actually the extension of villagers house and visitors can also get a taste of slow-paced traditional way of life. But today, sata can be available in frozen packaging. Rather than the usual mince fish otak-otak most people have accustomed to, this otak-otak or fish mousse is a fish based delicacy of which slices of fish are marinated and soaked in a thickly coated spices, mince shallots, onions, ginger, chilies and wrapped in banana leaves. The concoction is then wrapped in coconut leaf and cooked over a slow charcoal fire. Some places minced the fish meat with its spices while the famous ones in Kuala Kemaman still concocted the whole fish meat coated with spices. Some otak-otak use concoctions of prawn, squid or crab meat which gives choice of preferences to food lovers. Frozen otak-otak are becoming popular nowadays. Ingredients: (Sata Otak-otak) Fish meat Grated coconut Surimi Onion Sugar Chilies Salt Modified starch Ice Methods: All the ingredients are mixed up well by using the surimi blocks cutting machine and rotary mixer machine. The dough form is shaped by using nugget forming machine. The sata and otak-otak are baked in oven for about 20 minutes at 170-200Â °C. After that the sata and otak-otak are blast-freeze by using blast-freezing equipment. Then they are packing and keep under -20Â °C. Notes: Sata and otak-otak processing techniques have been improved with the use of appropriate machinery and proper packaging material suitable for freezing. The use of coconut milk powder reduces the fat content to 2%. The quality of frozen sata and otak-otak can be maintained up to 5 months at -20Â °C. Production of Soy Milk Overview: Soy milk is made by soaking soybeans, grinding them with water. The fluid which results after straining is called soy milk. Soy milk is most commonly found in aseptic cartons. Most of the soy milk available in the market is flavored and fortified with extra calcium or vitamins. Some producers add thickeners to their soy milk to give it a mouth feel of cows milk. Traditionally, soy milk has a beany taste which is well accepted by the Chinese, but less by the Western palate. Ingredients: Soy beans Water Sugar Pandan leaves Methods: Clean the soya beans and soak them in water before tossed. Grind the soy beans with water in ratio 1:7. Filter the mixture through a cheese cloth and recover the soy milk. Heat the soy milk till boiling point, add sugar and continue boiling for about 5 to 10 minutes. After cooling, the soy milk is ready and can be kept in the fridge for another 3 days. Notes: Can keep fresh soy milk for up to 3 days in the refrigerator. This is totally preservative-free. Production of Tau foo fa Overview: Tau Fu Fa, also known as soy custard or silken tofu pudding is a silky-smooth Chinese dessert that seems to glide effortlessly down your throat. Some like it hot, some like it cold, and there are quite a few different ways to enjoy this dessert. The process of making the tau fu fa is almost similar to that of making soy bean drink, and what makes it different is the additional step of adding in a curdling agent to set the dish. Usually the curdling agent is either gypsum powder or glucono delta-lactone (GDL) mixed with a small amount of water and corn flour, and they work to harden the soy mixture and help it set. Ingredients: (Tau Foo Fa) Soy beans Water Glucono delta-lactone curdling agent Corn flour (Syrup) Rock sugar Knotted pandan leaves Water Methods: (Tau Foo Fa) Blend soy beans in batches with water in ratio 1:5. Strain the soy bean mixture through a muslin cloth into a large cooking pot and discard the residues. Bring soy bean milk to a boil over medium heat. Mix curdling agent, cornflour and water in another bowl. Pour mixture into boiling pot and mix thoroughly. Turn the heat off and cover the pot with a lid. Set aside in a heat proof container for approximately 30 minutes to let the mixture set. Do not open the lid until after 30 minutes. (Syrup) Mix rock sugar, pandan leaves and water in another smaller pot. Boil over low heat until mixture thickens to reflect syrup. (Tau Foo Fa Syrup) Dish out set Tau Foo Fa, layer by layer onto a bowl. Ensure you use a flat ladle or a turner to scoop out the layers. Drizzle with sugar syrup. Notes: I would advise using GDL powder, which is a naturally occurring food additive, instead of gypsum powder, which is made of calcium sulphate as it is said to be disadvantageous to our health. Production of Fish Burger (Tilapia) Overview: Ingredients: Methods: Notes: Production of Breaded Fish Fillet and Cutlet (Tilapia) Overview: Ingredients: Methods: Notes: Activities to Meet MARDI Adopted Entrepreneurs Overview: Meet the MARDI adopted entrepreneurs to see their business progress and to make sure that they follow MARDI evaluation and instructions. Apart from that, MARDI need to ask the entrepreneurs about their problems or difficulties and help them by giving they advise, information, and together find solutions for their problems. Entrepreneurs problems: SINKU Food Industries Sdn. Bhd. Market improved, ask MARDI to develop MA center auto keropok lekor cutting machine. Ask MARDI to contact the SME MARDI to overcome the difficulties to get the GMP for modification the cool room which is delayed due to no provision. NURIQ Enterprise Experiencing problems in obtaining halal certification for lack of capital for plant modifications. In the process of obtaining a halal certificate Malaysia. Hidayah Mohd Nasir Enterprise Ask MARDI to help to solve problems regarding soft texture of cincau. Ask for fried tofu course. BM Food Industries Sdn. Bhd. HACCP problems no writing explanation on sauce cooking temperature of 90-95 degrees Celsius, ask MARDI for the analysis of why the protein content in the oyster sauce is reduced. MADURA Industries Sdn. Bhd. Facing problems in the product the Sparkling Juice contain precipitate and cloudy. Activities in Test-Bed by Entrepreneurs Overview: AROMA WARISAN Entrepreneur: Ahmad Sabri Omar Product: Keropok lekor Duration: 3 months POK NOR SATA Entrepreneur: Mohd Sahir bin Mohd Nor Duration: 3 months Project of Sweet Corn Hibrimas Tested Using GenKimo Fertilizer Overview: Sweet corn hibrimas is one of the successful products from MARDI. We have an opportunity to visit to the Corn Farm located at area of Kuala Berang at twice. The first visit was to employ the Genkimo fertilizer and examine the effect to the corn trees. This type of fertilizer was applied immediately afler planted the tree. Then, the second visit was to measure the height of corn tree that have used Genkimo fertilizer. Under research: Project Title Survey of Farmers acceptance of Organic Fertilizer (GENKiMO) application on sweet corn field in Kuala Berang, Terengganu. Project Objective To investigate the effectiveness of using GENKiMO bio-organic fertilizer in improving the growth of Hibrimas among selected farmers To evaluate the viabilty of the projects Brief Description of Project (please include justification, key areas of research to be undertaken, and related research if any) GENKiMO is a biotechnology product, which means healthy probiotic microorganisms. It is a type of probiotic that contains live microorganisms which are mainly comprised of small bacteria such as lactobacillus-celled, yeast and photosynthetic bacteria. GENKiMO produced by natural fermentation and characterization using 100% of the local environment. Beneficial bacteria / effective, enzymes and acids help to increase the organic matter of internal health of livestock, improve environmental quality, enhance growth and disease resistance of plant growth, accelerate the decomposition of organic forces, restoring soil fertility and others. Background of Hibrimas: In 2008, MARDI collaborated with Green world genetics (GWG) and tropical fruit network (TFNET). The main purpose of this collaboration was is to evaluate 26 sweet corn hybrids for fresh consumption as well as canning purposes. From the preliminary evaluation, five potential sweet corn hybrids were selected. Selection were made based on the early maturing hybrid (65-68 days after planting), high yield (average yield of 250-300 g/cob), golden colored kernel with good kernel arrangement and uniform shape cob. From further evaluation over locations, the sweet 601 was found to the most leaf blight and the sweetness is within the range 14-15 brix. Besides, it also has tropical sweet corn hybrids which have the sh2 gene for sweetness. Potential of Commercialization: The mature Hibrimas are suitable for fresh consumption besides they also can be applying to many ways of cooking like boiling, grilling or steaming. However for hibrimas the most suitable way of cooking is by steaming fro not more than 10 minutes. This is to ensure the sweetness of hibrimas is retained. The kernel of the sweet corn can also be eaten as corn in cup or canned. Baby corn can also be harvested and eaten as vegetable. After harvesting the cob, the whole plant can be harvested and transformed into silage for animal feed or as composed fertilizer. Advantages of Hibrimas Corn: Hibrimas tree grows at an altitude of 200-220 cm capable of high productivity with an orderly arrangement of content. Good farming practices, proper drainage system and application of appropriate fertilization, capable high yield. Resistant to leaf blight disease. Able to provide results that many of the nearly 22.000 hectares of land and increase productivity because it is more fruitful in a shorter period of about 68 days after planting. CHALLENGES SOLUTIONS Along 8 weeks of internship, I have faced many challenges which need me to go through it and overcome them as quickly and proactively. The problems came sometimes can be handle but sometimes cannot. The most challenges I had faced was the skill to operate the machines that are used in food processing. Besides, the lack of knowledge about food processing cause by different study or course I sit for in university limit my actions and make me feel burdensome or boring. In addition, the working environment here is a bit challenging because I need to communicate and working together with the other senior staffs, need to do new things that I never done before this especially in food handling process which I had never learned before. At the same time, I need to stand with some of the male staffs whom like to tease five of us include me, the industrial training students which sometimes a bit annoying. The unpleasant stories heard from the staffs also one of the challengers to me. Although there are several challengers coming, I had never give up but always take it easy and manageable and see it from the positive side. Hence, the challengers in handling the machines and the tasks given which are likely not related to my study, I take it as easy and new matters in order to increase my experiences and knowledge thus, I can adapt with these situations quickly. Apart from that, the teasing and unpleasant stories heard, I take it as a spirit to prove them that I can do it and Im here not only to be an observer. I tried my best to involve in the activities and followed all the instructions and task given. Usually, if I faced a problem regarding my tasks, I would refer to my supervisor, En. Mohd Faiz bin Musa and other senior assistants and staffs that have many experiences and knowledge. They were always ready to help me so; I learn many new things from them and try to become creative thinking and ready to solve problems. The understanding in many fields of knowledge is not waste because it is important as a backup for us to face in everyday life and works soon. KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS THAT HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED Throughout the industrial training period, I have learned a lot of new knowledge and application which I did not get from my study in kuliyyah before. Here, I was assigned to do food processing of fish-based products, handled machines, involved in sensory evaluation and analyze the data, involved in new still ongoing research on the use and effect of GenKimo fertilizers on the hybrid sweet corn crops compared to other organic and chemical fertilizers and also some office tasks. Besides, I was participated in project with entrepreneurs for varieties of food processing and development. In term of skills, I learned to operate machines with standard of operation procedure (SOP). This includes ho

General Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Essay -- Mental Disorder Essays

Mental disorder, two simple words that can stir up a storm of emotions. Habitually mistaken by general society as â€Å"deranged† or â€Å"unstable†, the words mental disorder, often, tend to have a negative cognition associated with them. This should not be the case. The misunderstanding that mental disorder is automatically equivalent of that to being psychotic and erratic leaves many individuals feeling isolated, and distressed to share their helplessness due to fear of social stigma. Further public education is required to eradicate this unfortunate social stigma. So what categorically is a mental disorder? Although it can range from minor to severe impairment, and include a vast variety of conditions, mental disorders can generally be defined as: a mental or behavioral pattern that causes distress or disability and which is not developmentally or socially normative (Raskin,2012). Standardly, to diagnose a mental disorder the International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders (ICD), published by the World Health Organization, or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), published by the American Psychiatric Association, are used (Bolton,2008). This essay will focus on General Anxiety Disorder (GAD). First the essay will discuss what GAD is and how it is diagnosed. The essay will then explore the differences of GAD between the general male and female populations, subsequently, look into brain activity and hormones, as well as lightly touch on other causes of GAD. Finally, an explanation of the gender differences of GAD will be discussed form a biopsychological standpoint. The DSM-IV-TR defines General Anxiety Disorder, also known as chronic anxiety neurosis, in shorter terms, as â€Å"chronic... ...-anxiety food solution: how the foods you eat can help you calm your anxious mind, improve your mood, & end cravings. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications. Spiteri, T., Musatov, S., Ogawa, S., Ribeiro, A., Pfaff, D. W., & ÃÆ'†¦gmo, A. (2010). The Role Of The Estrogen Receptor ÃŽÂ ± In The Medial Amygdala And Ventromedial Nucleus Of The Hypothalamus In Social Recognition, Anxiety And Aggression. Behavioural Brain Research, 210(2), 211-220. Tromp, D. P., Grupe, D. W., Oathes, D. J., McFarlin, D. R., Hernandez, P. J., Kral, T. R., et al. (2012). Reduced Structural Connectivity of a Major Frontolimbic Pathway in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. NeuroImage, 69(9), 1. Vesga-LÃÆ' ³pez, O., Schneier, F. R., Wang, S., Heimberg, R. G., Liu, S., Hasin, D. S., et al. (2008). Gender Differences In Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69(10), 1606-1616.

Essays --

The Monterey Bay Sea Otters There are a number of sea otters who are an important part of this world and they form a fairly large population and that is why it is felt that they should be preserved at all costs. They are an important source of earning for the people and they are also important in the sense that they provide an important source of earning to the people and their is an entire group of people who use this field as their source of earning. Besides the population of these otters keeps fluctuating and it has to be maintained because if the number fluctuate exponentially and if they get out of hand they can damage the ecological and the environmental balance of the world. Similarly the fishing and the killing of these otters can cause the damage to the balance because just like the excess of anything can cause a problem similarly the excess supply can cause a lot of major problem as well. These otters vary in sizes and this is an unchartered territory with a number of para sites who do vary in species and sizes and they all have their purposes and pros and cons and they impact our life and the balance of the world in a different manner. As the size varies so does the importance of the otters and the smaller ones might be innocuous while the larger ones can be the source of food as well and some of the larger species can also act as the predators and they act as a deterrent for the other species because they keep the check over the other species. They may pose a hazard of some type in some of the cases but their habitats and their productive cycles are all the things that need to be considered by us as human beings. Similarly their eating habits and appetites can alter and impact our world and our actions and reactions an... ...nd we can predict the process of evolution and we will be able to go ahead of our own times. Otters have a huge family which have a number of sublets and a number of branches which are all interlinked and which share a similar history and that is why we need to prioritize the study and we need to study all of them in some detail. That is why in the recent past it is being felt that the time has come for to bring together information from a wide array of sea otter research. We also need to study and assess the risk of disease and threats to the wild sea otter population. Preservation of their health should be our prime concern. They are an important part of our life and we have been interacting with them for ages now and it high time that we started understanding the complexities and the intricacies of these species we would be able to relate to them in some detail.

Summary of The Spire

Jocelin, Dean of a medieval cathedral, has had a vision which he believes reveals that he must add a four hundred foot spire to the cathedral. The decision is a controversial one, especially as the work proves disruptive and the master builder, Roger Mason, discovers that the building lacks the requisite foundations to support the spire. Jocelin is insistent that faith will be sufficient and accuses the master builder of being timid, and of playing for time in order to keep himself and his men in employment. Jocelin is maintained in his belief that the spire will stand by the news that his bishop is sending a Holy Nail (from the crucifixion) from Rome to protect the spire. The cathedral's caretaker, Pangall, hates the disruption and the workmen's mockery which he suffers. There are early hints that he is impotent. Jocelin is horrified when he notices that Roger and Goody, Pangall's wife, are sexually attracted to each other. However, he realises that, if he does not intervene, their adultery will prevent Roger from leaving. Roger's wife Rachel reveals that she and her husband are childless because she finds sex makes her laugh. Jocelin climbs to the roof to inspect the work and finds it exhilarating. However, he has what is eventually revealed to be tuberculosis of the spine, and this illness gradually becomes worse. He is also increasingly troubled by sexual dreams relating to his own attraction to Goody. A pit has been dug in order for the master builder to look for foundations, and there is a crisis when the earth in it is seen to be creeping. The stones start to make a high-pitched whine and to splinter. Roger wants to stop work, but Jocelin forces him to continue. The result is that the anxious workmen become a mob and – as only later becomes apparent – they pursue and murder Pangall, burying his body beneath the cathedral pavement as a pagan charm to keep the spire from falling. Jocelin becomes increasingly obsessed with the spire, shutting out all other concerns. However, he feels guilty about Goody and tries to speak to her. When she sobbingly rejects his approaches, he climbs the spire to seek solace. It is revealed that Goody is pregnant. Roger becomes increasingly sullen and unpopular and the singing of the stones becomes worse, so that the master builder again begs Jocelin to halt the work. He paints a persuasive picture of the spire's collapse, but Jocelin resists and makes him continue. Shortly after this, Jocelin climbs the spire and witnesses Roger and Goody having sex. A steel brace is made and fitted to the spire. While this is going on, Jocelin secures a place for Goody in a local convent. But when Rachel discovers Roger's infidelity, she attacks first Goody, then Roger, and Goody dies in childbirth. Jocelin becomes more unwell and is tormented by remorse and sexual feelings, although he is relatively happy when helping the workmen. Roger becomes an alcoholic and has a breakdown. At midsummer, Jocelin realises that the workmen have left their work to attend pagan festivities. More Summary of Devil at My Heels The spire nears completion as the Holy Nail approaches. Jehan, Roger's second-in-command, now in charge of the work, miscalculates and damages the spire. An official from Rome, referred to only as the Visitor, interviews Jocelin and relieves him of his authority. In a raging storm, Jocelin climbs the spire and hammers the Nail in place, after which he has two mystical visions of Goody. Jocelin's aunt, Lady Alison, visits him and reveals that he was only appointed Dean thanks to her. The dumb sculptor, Gilbert, shows Jocelin that the pillars supporting the cathedral roof are not solid but filled with rubble. Father Adam reads aloud Jocelin's sermon describing his original vision of the spire. The process of Jocelin's disillusionment continues when Anselm – Jocelin's former teacher but now his junior as the Sacrist of the cathedral – denies that they were ever really friends. Jocelin goes to seek Roger's forgiveness, on the way having two mystical revelations inspired by an appletree and a kingfisher. He is briefly reconciled to Roger before the master builder becomes angry and throws him out. On the street, Jocelin is set upon by a mob. Nearing death, Jocelin has his effigy sculpted, and finally has several intimations which seem to explain his past experiences, and perhaps the whole of life itself. His dying thought is of the appletree, but the priest attending him, Father Adam, chooses to believe that Jocelin was in his dying breath murmuring the name of God. On one level this is a novel about the building of a spire upon a cathedral, the foundations of which are nothing but marsh and brushwood. It is about the resilience of those foundations against all odds; they hold a spire some four hundred feet high when, by rights, this shouldn't be possible. It follows the lives of a range of people involved in the building project, from the anonymous army of labourers who do the actual work at one extreme to the man who believes that God has chosen him to bring this work to a conclusion at the other. The spire stands at the end of the novel but it has destroyed the lives of Dean Jocelin, whose vision was the inspiration for its building; of Roger Mason, the master builder; of Roger's wife, Rachel; of Pangall's wife, Goody and the child she bears to Roger Mason. The reader is never confident whether the spire is the work of God or the work of the devil; what is clear is it is built upon human misery, upon argument and dissension within the cathedral's community, and upon the deceit of Dean Jocelin who holds high office in the church. As the spire reaches upwards the Dean feels its weight upon his back until he ends bent double; though he isn't aware of it, Jocelin suffers a crippling spinal disease – tuberculosis of the spine – which eventually kills him. Throughout the building of the spire he believes that the early physical manifestations of his condition are the visitations of his own guardian angel. The novel is also concerned with sexuality. It is about two men's desire for a simple woman who remains unaware of her own attractions; one, the Dean, suppresses his desires and suffers because of it, the other, Roger Mason, fulfils his desires, gets her pregnant and also suffers by it. Goody Pangall dies in childbirth; her husband is bullied mercilessly by Roger's men and finally driven cruelly to his death; Roger tries to kill himself and ends his day in madness; Rachel is left desolate, tending to her husband as if he were the baby they never had; Jocelin dies in both physical and spiritual agony. Finally the spire is left, a symbol but a very ambiguous one. Of the power of God to work miracles? Of a bargain with the devil? Or of the skill and endurance of man? Golding doesn't tell us.

Ethanol Fuel

Ethanol fuel  is  ethanol  (ethyl alcohol). Ethanol, also called  ethyl alcohol,  pure alcohol,  grain alcohol, or  drinking alcohol, is a  volatile,  flammable, colorless liquid. A  psychoactive drug  and one of the oldestrecreational drugs  known, ethyl alcohol produces a state known as  alcohol intoxication  when consumed. Best known as the type of  alcohol  found in  alcoholic beverages, it is also used in  thermometers, as a  solvent, and as a  fuel. In common usage, it is often referred to simply as  alcohol  or  spirits. he same type of  alcohol  found in  alcoholic beverages. It is most often used as a  motor fuel, mainly as a  biofuel  additive for  gasoline. World ethanol production for transport fuel tripled between 2000 and 2007 from 17 billion to more than 52 billion litres. From 2007 to 2008, the share of ethanol in global gasoline type fuel use increased from 3. 7% to 5. 4%. In 2011 worldwide ethanol fuel prod uction reached 22. 36 billion  U. S. liquid gallons  (bg) (84. 6 billion liters), with the United States as the top producer with 13. bg (52. 6 billion liters), accounting for 62. 2% of global production, followed by Brazil with 5. 6 bg (21. 1 billion liters). Ethanol fuel has a â€Å"gasoline gallon equivalency† (GGE) value of 1. 5 US gallons (5. 7  L), which means 1. 5 gallons of ethanol produce the energy of one gallon of gasoline. Ethanol fuel is widely used in  Brazil  and in the  United States, and together both countries were responsible for 87. 1% of the world's ethanol fuel production in 2011. Most cars on the road today in the U. S. an run on  blends of up to 10% ethanol, and ethanol represented 10% of the U. S. gasoline fuel supply in 2011. Since 1976 the Brazilian government has made it mandatory to blend ethanol with gasoline, and since 2007 the legal blend is around  25% ethanol and 75% gasoline  (E25). By December 2011 Brazil had a fleet of 14 . 8 million  flex-fuel automobiles and light trucksand 1. 5 million flex-fuelmotorcycles  that regularly use neat ethanol fuel (known as  E100). Bioethanol is a form of  renewable energy  that can be produced from agriculturalfeedstocks.It can be made from very common  crops  such as  sugar cane,  potato,  maniocand  corn. There has been considerable debate about how useful bioethanol will be in replacing gasoline. Concerns about its production and use relate to  increased food pricesdue to the large amount of arable land required for crops,  as well as the energy and pollution balance of the whole cycle of ethanol production, especially from corn. Recent developments with  cellulosic ethanol production and commercialization  may allay some of these concerns.

Republic of the Philippines Essay

Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM Introduction Poverty has been a major problem in the Philippines.Unfortunately, the number of Filipinos suffering from the aforementioned social problem is increasing every year.Some have more than enough to eat, are well clothed and healthy, and have a reasonable degree of food security but others may have inadequate food and shelter. Their health is often poor, they may be unemployed and their prospects for a better life are uncertain at best.As one of the developing countries, the Philippines is still suffering from several sociological and economic problems. Incidence of poverty seems unstoppable. Many Filipinos are suffering from extreme poverty and hunger and the worse thing is these vulnerable populations are rapidly increasing in number. (Monterola, 2013) In terms of Education, the government is also facing a very terrible problem. There are many poor families cannot provide for the education of their children. Some families can only afford to eat one meal a day and they can’t even send their children to school. Sometimes the parents encourage their children to work and earn for their living, so that they can have something to eat. But we cannot blame them, because sometimes it is better to have something for supper, than to have something to feed your mind. (Mochique, 2012) Low-income parents are often overwhelmed by diminished self-esteem, depression, and a sense of powerlessness and inability to cope—feelings that may get passed along to their children in the form of insufficient nurturing, negativity, and a general failure to focus on children’s needs. (Jensen,2009) In a study of emotional problems of children of single mothers, (Eamon and Zuehl,2001) found that the stress of poverty increases depression rates among mothers, which results in an increased use of physical punishment. Children themselves are also susceptible to depression: research shows that poverty is a major predictor  of teenage depression Children raised in poverty rarely choose to behave differently, but they are faced daily with overwhelming challenges that affluent children never have to confront, and their brains have adapted to suboptimal conditions in ways that undermine good school performance.(Denny et al., 2004). There are many factors that can affect academic performance. The physical condition of the student has a great deal to do with that person’s ability to do a good job on anything and to understand anything. For example, if the student has poor eyesight, he/she might not be able to read well. If the student has hearing impairment, he/she might not be able to listen and understand instruction. If student has disease, it might impair his/her ability to do the required work. A student’s Socio Economic Status (SES) can affect his/her ability to perform well academi cally. Read more:  Political Issues in the Philippines Student with less money might not be able to purchase school supplies (rulers, paper, pens, computer, books, etc.) that could help them with their work. They might not also visit their doctors and dentist very often and might suffer from undiagnosed illness or dental problems that cause pain or otherwise impair the student’s ability to perform well. To prevent this, the government thinks of some ways to give every Filipino youth the education they deserve, because every youth deserves to have a decent education for them to be the next leaders not only of their generation but of the country as well. We should also take care of their welfare. The proclamation of SB No. 3412 PANTAWID PAMILYANG PILIPINO PROGRAM (Four P’s) has been a big help to the youth, as the primary beneficiaries. The program aims to help not only the youth of Metro Manila but also the youth of the whole country. Our government is one of the institutions that guide or motivate us to succeed. They want to prioritize our rights, especially for the children. They want us to achieve the primary education that’s why, public schools were built. But there’s still a high absentee rate of the students because the income of their parents can only provide them food. This program aims to eradicate poverty and hunger, achieve universal primary education, promote gender equality, reduce child morality and improve maternal health through the financial assistance given to the recipients or poor families. It is very helpful in our community because many poor families are in need of better health asnd better education. (Mochique,2012) Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the Effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four P’s) to the Academic Performance of Beneficiaries in Antongalon Butuan City. Specifically, it will seek to answer the following questions: 1. What is the Profile of the Beneficiaries in terms of : 1.1 Age; 1.2 Sex; 1.3 Family Size; and 1.4 Parents Monthly Income? 2. What is the Health condition of Beneficiaries in terms of : 2.1 Health practices; 2.2 Nutritional practices; and 2.3 Socio Economic Status? 3. What is the extent of the implementation of four P’s? 4. What is the level of Academic performance of the Beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School? 5. Is there a Significant Effect of the Four P’s Program to the Academic Performance of the pupils in relation to the Health and Condition of Beneficiaries? 6. Is there significant relationship between the profile of beneficiaries with the academic performance of the pupils? 7. Is there significant difference before and after they become a four P’s member? Hypothesis On the basis of the problem of the study, the hypothesis below will be formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Ho1: The Four P’s Program has no significant effect to the Academic Performance in relation to the Health and Condition of Beneficiaries Theoretical Framework This study will be anchored on the theory that Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four P’s) influences the academic performance of the Beneficiaries. The Constitution, Article 2, Section 9 provides that: The State shall promote a just and dynamic social order that will ensure the prosperity and independence of the nation and free the people from poverty  through policies that provide adequate social services, promote full employment, a rising standard of living, and an improved quality of life for all. According to 2006 Annual Poverty Statistics of the National Statistical Coordination Board, 27.9 Million Filipinos or one-third (l/3) of the entire population are poor. To address this problem the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) together implemented a Conditional Cash Transfer Program known as Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) inspired by the successes of similar programs in Latin American countries such as Bolsa Familia in Brazil, Familias en Accion in Colombia and Oportunidades in Mexico. In Esperanza and Sibagat, Agusan del Sur for example, two of the pilot areas of the 4Ps elementary school enrollment has increased by fifteen percent (15%). Children covered by 4Ps have higher attendance compared to the general population of children in school. There has also been a significant increase in the vaccination rate as well as a decrease in prevalence of malnutrition among children. Given the far reaching effects of this program in empowering the poor to cross over from their lives of poverty to a better future, there is a need to ensure the sustainability of this Program from one administration to another. South Learning on Conditional Cash Transfers workshop held at ADB Headquarters, 16-19 April 2013 that was organized in cooperation with Inter-American Development Bank. The workshop aimed to enhance understanding of policy makers from developing countries in Asia and the Pacific about lessons learned from the use of CCT programs in Latin America and Caribbean. The field visit to Santa Maria and Pandi in Bulacan province (around 40km northeast of Manila) to learn about the program first hand and interact with the beneficiari es and program administrators was enriching. The beneficiaries shared their personal stories on how blessed they felt to be a part of Pantawid Pamilya. Many parents previously were overburdened with worry on raising a family and not earning enough money to support their children. What little parents earned from odd jobs was only sufficient for daily expenses—their children frequently fell ill due to insufficient food and vitamins causing them to miss school. But this all changed for the better under Pantawid Pamilya. (Health Team, 2013) In our study, we will know, if these theories are really true. We will going to identify if the Four P’s implemented by the government is really effective for the improvement of the beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School in  terms of, performance, and other educational development of the child. Schematic Diagram Independent Variables Dependent Variables Figure 1.Shows the Schematic Diagram of the Study Significance of the Study : The study aims to determine the effects of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four P’s) to the academic performance of beneficiaries. The result of the study will be beneficial to the following: Students. It will give information regarding their academic performance in school. They will be encourage and try their best to maintain their good performance in school as a beneficiaries. Parents. They will be inform if the said program is really helpful in the improvement of the school performance of their child. Government. They will be aware if the said program that they implemented is really effective in terms of education of the beneficiaries or not. And if they will find out that it will not improve the educational development of beneficiaries, they will think another strategies that will improve this program. School Administrators. It will provide data regarding to the academic performance of the beneficiaries. Scope and Delimitations of the Study The Study will be conducted in Antongalon Elementary School. It involves all the beneficiary of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program( Four P’s) as a respondent. The main purpose of this study is to identify the Effect of Four P’s Program to the Academic Performance, and its Significant Effect in relation to the Health Condition of the beneficiaries. This is to give us information if the said program is really effective or there are positive or negative changes to the academic performance of the beneficiaries. Definition of Terms : To understand better the terms to be used in the study, the following terms will defined operationally. Academic Performance. This term refers to describe things that relate to the work done in schools. Family Size. This term refers to describe the number of household members. Health and Condition. This term refers to describe healthy lifestyle of the beneficiaries wether they live in a Healthy environment or not. Nutritional Status. This term refers to describe the state of the Four P’s beneficiaries health in terms of the nutrients in his or her diet. Parent’s Monthly Income. This term refers to describe the average earning of an individual in a month. Socio Economic Status. This term refers to describe the indicator that the beneficiaries are or is not economically disadvantaged based on his or her parents or family income Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies which serve as orientation of the writer to the different concepts, theories, methods, and treatments of the areas explored in the study. Related Literature Poverty remains a big challenge for the Philippines. Income poverty in the Philippines has generally declined since the early 1990s. From 33.1 percent of the population being poor in1991, the share of poor Filipinos was brought down to 24.9 percent in 2003. In recent years, however, there was a reversal in this trend. Latest official poverty estimates show that poverty has increased since 2003. In 2009, the share of the poor population, or those who are unable to meet their basic food and non-food needs, was estimated at 26.5 percent (NSCB, 2011). In addition to income poverty, human development outcomes especially in education and health care lagging. Primary education is still far from universal while maternal mortality and child malnutrition are among the highest in East Asia and Pacific region (NEDA, 2010). This happened despite the historically high record of economic growth in 2000 until 2010, which have raged 4.7 percent annually versus 2.4 percent of the two decades before. T his suggests that, on aggregate, the poor have not  benefited from growth. ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011) The limited capability of Filipinos to manage shocks slows the pace of reducing poverty. The failure of poverty to decline in 2009 was attributed mainly to the impacts of various crises that affected many Filipinos in 2008 and 2009, which include the food and fuel crises, the global financial crisis, and the disaster brought about by typhoons Ondoy and Pepeng in late 2009.The 2009 national household survey revealed that about 9.4 percent of the population, or about 8 million Filipinos, are living just above the poverty line and are at risk of falling into poverty when income shocks like these arise.2 The poor faces greater risks as they have limited means to cope. Surveys show that the poor were indeed disproportionately affected by recent shocks.3 In particular, it was found that the El Nià ±o in early 2010affected 58 percent of the poorest households, half of whom depend on agriculture as their family’s main source of income. The 2008 food crisis was also estimated to have increased the income shortfall of the poor from the poverty line by 1.3 percentage points, mainly because the poor are net consumers of rice (World Bank, 2008). Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 P’s) is the Philippine conditional cash transfer program that aims to improve quality of life of the less fortunate family/families and end the cycle of poverty by investing a human capital. It is a program that leads by the DSWD Agency (Department of Social Welfare and Development) together with the DepED (Department of Education) and also DOH (Department of Health). This is a partnership between the two government agencies that aims to concoct jobs for people who are the beneficiaries of Aquino’s Administration (Vecina 2013). The Pantawid Pamilya was launched in February 2008 with the first 330,000household beneficiaries (Set 1) and then scaled up in 2009 to cover another 320,000 households (Set 2). By April2011,theprogram has grown to about 1.9 million household beneficiaries and is slated for further expansion by the end of 2011 and 2012. To become eligible for the Pantawid Pamilya, a household needs to satisfy a uniform set of criteria, which include (i) residing in program areas of the Pantawid Pamilya, (ii) being identified as poor based on a proxy means test (PMT), and (iii) having a pregnant woman or having at least one child below 15 years old at the timeof enrolment into the program ( Velarde & Fernandez, 2011). Since 2007, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) of the Philippines is the conditional cash  transfer program implemented by the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD), along with cooperative partner institutions such as the Department of Education, Department of Health, Department of the Interior and Local Government, and various other government institutions. The 4Ps was patterned after the conditional cash transfer programs in Latin Am erican and African countries which have been proven successful as a poverty reduction and social development measure (DSWD, 2011). The Four P’s program serves as the government’s answers to the pressing issues regarding poverty. Calvo (2011) defines the CCT as programs that provide cash benefits to finance the basic needs and foster investment in human capital to extremely poor households. These benefits are conditioned on certain behaviors, usually related to investments in nutrition, health, and education. The emergence of CCT (4 P’s) programs occurred during the late 1990s, with Mexico’s innovative Progress program emerging as one of the earliest schemes in 1997. The evidences highlighting the effectiveness of Progress motivated a rise in similar programs across Latin America. Throughout the late 1990s and into the early part of the new century, CCT programs were implemented in Honduras, Brazil and Nicaragua. CCT (Conditional Cash Transfer or 4 P’s) programs are presently being implemented in several Latin American countries including Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Jamaica, Mexico , and several more. Indonesia and Pakistan are only some of the Asian countries which employ the CCT programs as a major tool of their social policy. In general, these programs provide money and financial assistance to poor families under the condition that those transfers are used as an investment on their children’s’ human capital, such as regular school attendance and basic preventive health care. The main mission of most CCT programs is to prevent inter-generational transference of poverty, that is to say, investing in young children and providing them with the provisions necessary for better opportunities in the future. Being a conditional cash transfer program, beneficiaries receive grants when they comply with program conditions. The Pantawid Pamilya provides two types of grants – a health grant of Php500 ($125) per household per month for 12 months and an education grant of Php300 ($7) per 6-14 year old child attending school (for a maximum of 3 children in this age range)fo r 10 months of the school year.6 Health conditions apply to pregnant mothers and  children aged 0-5, while education conditions apply to children aged 6-14. A beneficiary household can receive a maximum health grant of Php6,000 ($143) and a maximum education grant of Php3,000 ($72) per child if it complies with the health and education conditional ties of the program100 percent throughout the year. Actual grants received by beneficiaries depend on their compliance to health and education conditions, which is regularly monitored through the Pantawid Pamilya’s Compliance Verification System (CVS). Based on the latest CVS reports, children’s attendance to school and visits to health centers have been improving in 2010. In the last quarter of 2010, close to 80percent of children registered to receive the Pantawid Pamilya education grant complied with the program conditions, that is, they were present in school at least 85 percent of the time during that period. Compliance of children registered to receive the health grant improved as well especially among Set 2 beneficiaries, although at a slower pace than education. The increase in compliance rates especially in early 2010 also reflects efforts made in updating beneficiary information. This ensured that schools and health centers where children go are correctly recorded in the system so that compliance is monitored properly and grants are paid accordingly ( Velarde & Frnandez, 2011). DSWD claims that the initial implementation of 4Ps has had remarkable results such as the prevention of stunting or where the height of a child is less than ideal for one’s age due to poor nutrition. Another is that more women gave birth in hospitals and thus lessening the risks of maternal mortality and health complications for the new-born. DSWD’s assessment, however, remains preliminary. (Somera, 2010) The underlying concept of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4 P’s)s, is: once individuals are healthy, better fed, and educated, they will be able to overcome poverty in the long run (Valencia, 2009). Related Studies A study of (Mella.et.al,) stated that The 4Ps intend to provide the basis for this much needed equality by providing the poor people with the education that they could not access otherwise. Malnutrition, which is prevalent among extremely poor families, is also expected to decrease. Since it is a prime requirement for beneficiaries to avail of the health services being offered in their health  centers such as pre- and post-natal services, vaccination, and periodical check-ups before acquiring their money grants, the health and nutrition of the poor families are safeguarded. Philippines Conditional Cash Transfer Program Impact Evaluation 2012 by (Chaudhury ,Friedman & Junko Onishi) found that Pantawid Pamilya is meeting the objective of keeping children healthy, as evidenced by a reduction in severe stunting17 among poor children 6-36 months of age, which is expected to have long-term benefits. Notably, impact evaluations of CCT programs around the world have not proven to reduce stunting at such early stages of program implementation, but Pantawid Pamilya appears to be an exception. The (First wave of the Impact Evaluation Survey, conducted in 2011) found out that enrolment in preschool and daycare was 70.3 percent among children three to five years old in Pantawid Pamilya barangays. This was 10.3 percentage points higher compared to children in non-Pantawid Pamilya barangays which only resulted to 65.0 percent enrolment. This pattern was also seen in the elementary school level wherein enrolment was higher by 4.5 percentage points among children six to 11 years old in Pantawid Pamilya Barangays than the non-program group baseline rate of 93 percent. These results were also consistent with higher school enrolment. (Carbayas, 2012) also stated that, the DSWD stressed that the 4Ps is a stimulus package for the poor intended as social investment rather than plain cash assistance, i.e. dole-out. Cash assistance is given to qualified families provided that the family complies primarily with the conditions set for health and education. Therefore, the 4Ps is not seen as the sole solution to poverty reduction, but the program should be seen on its ability to bring back poor children to get better education and a healthy life to gain dignity and prepare them for their future. (Mella,Osido & Suing) conclude that the 4Ps is a good example of strengthening the government’s capability of distributing the country’s resources to those who are extremely in need. It is undeniable that there are many poor households that will benefit from the said program, and that the program covers the basic needs. Likewise, the government’s effort in making the country’s educational and health services system inclusive is a huge step towards social mobility and equality. This studies and theories will help us to provide an idea  about our study. It will give us more information on how Four P’s affect the development of beneficiaries in terms of education. It will serve as our guide and basis of our study. Chapter 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This chapter includes the research methodology, the research locale & the population of the respondents of the study, the research instruments, data gathering, scoring and quantification of data and statistical treatment. Research Design The descriptive research method through the questionnaire as the data gathering instrument will be utilized in order to seek answers to the problems being imposed in the study. It is descriptive, because it will seek to determine the effect of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino (Four P’s) program to the academic performance of beneficiaries in Antongalon Elementary School, Antongalon Butuan City . Research Locale The study will be conducted at Antongalon Elementary School during the School Year 2014-2015. This school is located in the small barangay of Antongalon, Butuan City. This school is 1.5 kilometers from the barangay of Ampayon, and can be reached through a jeepney ride from Butuan City. The Population and Respondents of the Study The population of the study is composed of the selected pupils who are four P’s beneficiaries in all grade levels of Antongalon Elementary School. There are 73 beneficiaries overall. Since there are only few pupils, a universal sampling was used in the study. Sampling Design This study will use the purposive sampling design in which the researchers selected the respondents who will still engage and current participants to the program. Research Instruments A survey questionnaire will be used to gather the data on the profile in terms of age, sex, family size, and parent’s monthly income of the beneficiaries. This questionnaire has two types, the first type is the respondents profile and the second type is for their perception when they become a Four P’s beneficiary. The child questionnaire will be classified according to its trend of indication The researchers will sent a letter to the principal of Antongalon Elementary School requesting permission for the conduct of the study. Once the permission will be granted, the administration of the questionnaire will then be set. On the day set data gathering act, the researchers will personally gave an orientation to the pupils about the nature and purpose of the study. Then the questionnaire will be given and retrieved after the alloted time. The data obtained will be tallied, analyzed and interpreted. Scoring and Quantification of the Data For the purpose of interpretation, the data will be quantified using the following scales: Table 2. Scaling of the Students’ Profile Students’ Profile Statistical treatment This study will be use the frequency, percentage, weighted mean, correlation, and t-test statistical tools in analyzing the data gathered from the respondents. The frequency that will be used to determine the profile of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (Four P’s) beneficiaries in terms of age, sex, family size, and parent’s monthly income. The spearman correlation will be used to determine the relationship between the Four P’s program and the Health and condition of beneficiaries with the formula : h( Where : r – is the correlation value x- is the independent variable y- is the dependent variable n- is the number of respondents 1 and 6 – are constant The t- test will be also utilized to determine the acceptance and rejection of hypothesis with formula shown below: Where : t – is the test relationship y- is the correlation 1- constant Observations of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in the field (Chin,2013)http://blogs.adb.org/blog/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-field#sthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf) Overall, Pantawid Pamiliya is on track to achieve its objectives of promoting investments in the health and education of children while providing immediate financial support to poor families as highlighted in a recent impact evaluation by Chaudhury et al. (2013) funded by AusAID in coordination with DSWD, World Bank, and ADB. – See more at: http://blogs.adb.org/blog/observations-pantawid-pamilyang-pilipino-program-field#sthash.qH0LzncW.dpuf Retrieved May 06, 2013 Conditional Cash Transfer Program  in the Philippines: Is It Reaching the Extremely Poor?(Reyes&Tabuga)http://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1242.pdf 4Ps is expected to increase utilization of health services among the poor as the  additional cash they receive will help cover costs; and improve nutritional status ofchildren through increased household income and various counselling and monitoringcomponents of the 4Ps. Overview of the Philippines’ Conditional Cash Transfer Program: The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program(PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011) http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/694220BRI0P1180of0 Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdf For the education grant,the conditionalities help improve the enrollment and schoolattendance rates of children. Children who attend pre-school orday care centers, primary school, or secondary school are requiredto maintain class attendance rates of at least 85 percent per month. Overview of the Philippines’ Conditional Cash Transfer Program: The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (PantawidPamilya)(Fernandez&Olfindo,2011) http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2012/06/11/000426104_20120611115455/Rendered/PDF/ 694220BRI0P1180of0Pantawid0Pamiliya.pdf Nearly three years since its launch, the Pantawid Pamilya hasalready shown positive impacts on beneficiary households. Thecash grants increase the household incomes of the poor, while theconditionalities have helped improve the education and healthof their children. Anecdotal evidence shows that net education enrollment rates of children in beneficiary households have risen, andthe number of children who undertake de-worming at schools andavail of vaccines from health centers has also increased. RETRIEVED (May 2011) Education for the Poorest Children through Pantawid Pamilya (Formoso,2011) http://pantawid.dswd.gov.ph/index.php/news/229-education-for-the-poorest-children-through-pantawid-pamilya 1,538,592 children beneficiaries of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program in different parts of the country are expected to commence the School Year 2010-2011 successfully and level up to the next